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Conditionals

Conditionals. If I were president, I would cut the cost of education. PRESENT If I had been president, I would have cut the cost of education. PAST If I am elected President, I will cut taxes FUTURE Points to note: Will nor Would never occurs in the if clause.

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Conditionals

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  1. Conditionals • If I were president, I would cut the cost of education. PRESENT • If I had been president, I would have cut the cost of education. PAST • If I am elected President, I will cut taxes FUTURE • Points to note: • Will nor Would never occurs in the if clause

  2. The future or 1st conditional • If present subjunctive, + future • It is used to describe a possible future and the its consequences • To give advice • If I have a coin, I´ll give it to the beggar • Question: Will you give me a coin if I ask you for it? • If I wake up early tomorrow, I´ll go for a swim • It it starts to rain, we´ll play inside • If you bend your knees, you´ll keep your balance • If you´re late again, I won´t be able to help you • If you aren´t home by six, I am going to punish you • If you don’t go now, you´ll miss the train. Unless you go now, you´ll miss the plane • Unless can replace If… Not • If we don’t hurry (NOW) we could be late (FUTURE). • If it rains, we may/might/could go to the cinema since it is indoors • We use could for less certain consequence

  3. The present or 2nd conditional • If Past subjunctive+ would infinitive • We use it to talk about hypothetical but possible situations or to talk about something totally imaginary or impossible situations • Were is the proper used because we are using the subjunctive of the verb but in informal spoken speech even natives tend to say, Was • If I had a coin, I would give it to the beggar • Question: Would you give it to the beggar if you had a coin • Negative: No I wouldn´t give it to the beggar, If I had a coin • Would I come to classes if I spoke perfect English? • Yes, I would come to classes if I spoke perfect English ( is it logical) • Yes, I would come to class even if I spoke perfect English • No, I wouldn´t come to class if I spoke perfect English • If I had a flat in London, I´d have to pay an enormous rent • Would you buy those shoes, if you had the money? • My father is tall because my grandfather is tall • If my grandfather weren´t tall my father wouldn’t be tall • Question: If your grandfather weren’t tall would your father be tall • Question: Would your father be tall if your grandfather weren´t tall

  4. The past or 3rd conditional • plusperfect subjunctive + would present perfect • We use it to imagine consequences of things that did not happen in the past • If I had Had a coin, I would have given it to the beggar • Question: Would you have given a coin to the beggar if you had had it • Question: Wouldn´t you have given a coin to the beggar if you had had it • (Wouldn´t informal used to indicate that one can’t be expected to know the answer to someone’s question or to comment on a matter) • My father was tall because my grandfather was tall • If my grandfather hadn´t been tall, my father wouldn´t have been tall • Q: If your grandfather hadn´t been tall would you father have been tall • Might have our could have are used instead if the consequence is less definitive • If you´d asked me earlier, I might or could have been able to help you

  5. Zero Conditional • The zero conditional talks about things that are always or sometimes true • In the Chinese horoscope if you are a pig you are a kind person and if you are an ox your are a serious person • What trait or quality do you have if you are organized • If I visit my mom in the US, I always take her a fan • What happens if you mix soap and water • Water boils if you heat it to 100 degrees

  6. Mixed Conditionals • Mixed Conditionals: PAST AND PRESENT , • I live in Spain because I found work here • If I hadn´t found work here I wouldn´t live in Spain • PAST EVENTS WITH EFFECTS IN THE PRESENT • My father is tall because my grandfather WAS tall • If my grandfather HADN´T BEEN TALL, my father WOULDN´T HAVE BEEN TALL tall (3RD) • If my grandfather HADN´T BEEN TALL, my father WOULDN´T BE tall TODAY (MIXED) • Cervantes is famous today because he wrote Don Quixote years ago • If Cervantes hadn’t written Don Quixote, he wouldn´t have been famous today (3RD) • If Cervantes hadn´t written Don Quixote, he wouldn´t be famous (MIXED) • Rajoy is the president of Spain because he won the last elections • RajoyWOULDN´T HAVE BEENpresident if he HADN´T the election (3RD) • If RajoyHADN´T WON the elections he WOULDN´T president (MIXED)

  7. Mixed Conditionals • Mixed Conditionals: PAST AND FUTURE • We use this structure to express past actions that affect the future • You will live close to me because you bought an apartment close by • If you hadn´t bought an apartment close by you wouldn´t be living close to me • I AM GOING TO NY THIS SUMMER BECAUSE I BOUGHT THE TICKETS IN TIME • I wouldn´t be going to NY this summer, If I hadn´t bought the tickets in time • Mixed Conditionals: PRESENT AND PAST • We use this form to express a present impossibility and its subsequent condition in the past • I wouldn´t have married you If I didn´t love you • IF I didn´t love you, I wouldn´t have married you • If you knew me better, you wouldn´t have said that

  8. Mixed Conditionals • Mixed Conditionals: PRESENT AND FUTURE • If I didn't have so much vacation time, I wouldn't go with you on the cruise to Alaska next week. I do have a lot of vacation time and I will go on the trip next week. • If Cindy were more creative, the company would send her to New York to work on the new advertising campaign. Cindy is not creative and the company won't send her to New York to work on the new campaign. • Mixed Conditionals: FUTURE AND PAST • If I weren't going on my business trip next week, I would have accepted that new assignment at work. I am going to go on a business trip next week, and that is why I didn't accept that new assignment at work. • If my parents weren't coming this weekend, I would have planned a nice trip just for the two of us to Napa Valley. MY parents are going to come this weekend, and that is why I didn't plan a trip for the two of us to Napa Valley.

  9. Alternative to IF • ZeroConditionals • As long As • Provided/Providingthat • FutureConditionals • As long As • Provided/Providingthat • Evenif • Should • PresentConditional • Supposing • Evenif • PastConditional • Inversion of thepastparticiple • Butfor

  10. Alternative to IF • Make the conditionals with Should, Provided, Supposing, If only, As long as • If you have any queries, you can call our offices. • You can´t enter if you haven´t made a booking • Would we earn more money if we became self employed • I regret not applying for this job • In case you have any difficulties, please don’t hesitate to contact me • We wont offer you any more perks unless your work rate improves. • He decided to help me with my computer if I lent him my car • Would you really feel happier if you get a promotion • My boss is furious with my because I didn´t include the information on last quarter • If I missed the last train, then what would happen • I drank so much last night, Now I am totally hangover • You need to learn to do these things for yourself without depending on others

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