CONDITIONALS

1. CONDITIONALS I, II, III

4. Zero Conditional When we talk about things that are generally or always true. We use: If/When/Unless + present form + present simple or imperative. IF condition (present simple ) result(present simple) If you heat ice it melts. We can also use when instead of if, for example: When I get up late I miss my bus. • Note that we are not talking about a specific event but something which is generally true. • In the condition clause, we can use a selection of present forms. In the result clause, there can only be the present simple or imperative. • Notice that 'unless' means the same as 'if not'.

5. Zero Conditional • Examples: • Unless he asks you politely, refuse to do any more work on the project. • Unless prices are rising, it's not a good investment. • Unless you've been there yourself, you don't really understand how fantastic it is. • If you visit London, go on the London Eye. • If I miss the 8 o'clock bus I am late for work. • If I am late for work my boss gets angry. • Ifpeople don't eat they get hungry.

6. First Conditional The first conditional has the present simple after 'if', then the future simple in the other clause: if + present simple, ... will + infinitive It's used to talk about things which might happen in the future. Of course, we can't know what will happen in the future, but this describes possible things, which could easily come true. • If it rains, I won't go to the park. • If I study today, I'll go to the party tonight. • If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes. • She'll be late if the train is delayed. • She'll miss the bus if she doesn't leave soon. • If I see her, I'll tell her. Sometimes, we use shall, can, or may instead of will, for example: If you are good today, you can watch TV tonight.

7. Second Conditional The second conditional uses the past simple after if, then 'would' and the infinitive: if + past simple, ...would + infinitive We can use 'were' instead of 'was' with 'I' and 'he/she/it'. An imaginary result in a situation that does not exist First, we can use it to talk about things in the future that are probably not going to be true. Maybe I'm imagining some dream for example. • If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.(I probably won't win the lottery) • She would pass the exam if she ever studied.(She never studies, so this won't happen) Second, we can use it to talk about something in the present which is impossible, because it's not true. • If I had his number, I would call him. (I don't have his number now, so it's impossible for me to call him). • If I were president, I would put you in Jail

8. Third Conditional Past perfect after 'if' and then 'would have' and the Past participle in the second part of the sentence: if + past perfect, ...would + have + past participle It talks about the past. It's used to describe a situation that didn't happen, and to imagine the result of this situation. • If she had studied, she would have passed the exam (but, really we know she didn't study and so she didn't pass) • If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt sick (but I did eat a lot, and so I did feel sick). • If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane

9. Mixed conditionals Past and Present • If my father hadn't lost his keys, we wouldn't have to wait until he finds them.But my father lost his keys and therefore we have to wait until he finds them. • If I had installed an anti-virus, my computer wouldn't be so slow now.But I didn't install an anti-virus and therefore my computer is so slow now. • If our house had been broken into, we would be very sad.But our house wasn't broken into and we aren't sad. Past and Future • If our house had been broken into, we would call the police.But our house wasn't broken into and we are not going to call police. • If we had won the lottery last week, we would buy a new sofa today.But we didn't win the lottery and we are not going to buy a new sofa today.

10. Mixed Conditionals Present and Past • If I were smarter, I would have graduated from Stanford.But I am not smarter and therefore I didn't graduate from Stanford. • If Mary weren't a snob, she wouldn't have had so many parties this year.But Mary is a snob and therefore she had so many parties this year. Present and Future • If you were more eloquent, you would become a politician.But I am not more eloquent and I won't become a politician. • If you had more time, I would go to the cinema with you.But you don't have more time and I won't go to the cinema with you.

11. A) Put in the correct verb forms. 1) If Alice(to have) more money, she would go to Africa. 2) If Sarah (not/to eat) so much junk food, she could have been in the school hockey team. 3) John's mother(to have) more time for him if he does the washing up. 4) If you listened carefully, you(to know) about it. 5) If Brian(to like) horses, he could ride well. 6) If Steven had taken his camera, he(to take) nice pictures. 7) If the weather had been better, we(to come) by bike.

12. B) Which answers are correct? 1) Which words/phrases can be used in an if-clause type I? Had played/play /played /plays /sang/sing/will sing 2) Which words/phrases can be used in an if-clause type II? had sung/has played/play/ played/sang/sing 3) Which words/phrases can be used in an if-clause type III? had/played/ had/ sung/has played/ have played/have sung/sang

13. C) Complete the sentences. 1) type III: If the sun(to shine), we (to go) swimming. 2) type III: They(to fly) to Canberra if they (to have)more money. 3) type I: If I (to study), I(to pass) the test. 4) type II: If the sun(to shine), we(to go) swimming. 5) type I: If the sun(to shine), we(to go) swimming. 6) type I: They (to fly) to Canberra if they(to have) more money. 7) type II: If I(to study), I(to pass) the test.