The Water Cycle

1. The Water Cycle

2. Water on Earth • Oceans cover nearly 71 percent of Earth's surface.

3. Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water that is found in the oceans.

4. Eventually, we harvest that salt for our use!

5. Only 3 percent is fresh water. • Of that 3 percent, about three quarters is found in the huge masses of ice near the North and South Poles.

6. Water on Earth • A fraction more is found in the atmosphere. • Most water in the atmosphere is invisible water vapor, the gaseous form of water.

7. Water on Earth • Less than 1 percent of the water on Earth is fresh water that is available for animals to use.

8. Water on Earth

9. Water on Earth • Types of water on Earth • Oceans • Ice • Rivers and Lakes   • Below Earth's Surface • Water that fills the cracks and spaces in underground soil and rock layers is called groundwater. Far more fresh water is located underground than in all Earth's rivers and lakes.

13. The Water Cycle • Water is naturally recycled through the water cycle. • The water cycleis the continuous process by which water moves through the living and nonliving parts of the environment. • The sun is the source of energy that drives the water cycle. • In the water cycle, water moves from bodies of water, land, and living things on Earth's surface to the atmosphere and back to Earth's surface.

14. The Water CycleWater is constantly moving between sea, air and land

15. The Water CycleWater is constantly moving between sea, air and land The sun shines and the sea is heated heat

16. The Water CycleWater is constantly moving between sea, air and land The water evaporates and forms clouds Evaporation

17. The Water CycleWater is constantly moving between sea, air and land Condensation As air rises it cools and condenses. It reaches the ground as rain, snow, sleet or hail.

18. The Water CycleWater is constantly moving between sea, air and land Snow forms Lakes form The snow melts and flows Rivers flow to the sea

19. The Water CycleWater is constantly moving between sea, air and land The Water Cycle is complete

22. The Water Cycle • Steps of the Water Cycle • Water Evaporates   • Clouds Form   • Water Falls as Precipitation   • And then it starts again

23. Water Evaporates   • Evaporation is the process by which molecules at the surface of a liquid absorb enough energy to change to the gaseous state. • Water can evaporate from where? • Ocean • Lakes • Soil, puddles, and even from your skin • Plants • Eventually the water is given off through the leaves as water vapor in a process called transpiration

24. Clouds Form   • Water molecules find their way into the atmosphere, • warm air carries it upward. • Higher up, air tends to become much colder. • Cold air holds less water vapor than warm air. • Some of the water vapor cools and condenses into liquid water. • Condensed droplets of water clump together around tiny dust particles in the air, forming clouds

26. Water Falls as Precipitation   • As more water vapor condenses, water droplets in a cloud eventually become so heavy that they fall back to Earth. • Water that falls to Earth as rain, snow, hail, or sleet is called precipitation. • Most precipitation falls directly into the oceans. • Precipitation is the sourceof all fresh water on and below Earth's surface. • The water cycle renews the usable supply of fresh water on Earth.

28. The Water Cycle

29. How Do People Use Water? • The water people use at home is just a small percentage of all the water used in the United States. • In addition to household purposes, people use water for • Agriculture • Industry • Transportation • Recreation

30. Agriculture • Farms need a constant supply of fresh water • Irrigation is the process of supplying water to areas of land to make them suitable for growing crops. • In the U.S., more water is used for irrigating farmland than for any other single purpose.

31. Industry • What objects require water to produce them? • Water is needed to produce most objects. • Water plays a role in the industrial processes that created them. • Power plants and steel mills both need huge volumes of water to cool down hot machinery.

32. Transportation • Oceans and rivers have been used for transporting people and goods since ancient times

33. Recreation • Swimming, Fishing, Going to the beach, skiing, snowboarding, Water park etc.

34. Water Usage

35. Water and Living Things • Water makes up nearly two thirds of your body. That water is necessary to keep your body functioning. • Water is essential for living things to grow, reproduce, and carry out other important processes. • Plants use water, plus carbon dioxide and energy from the sun, to make food in a process called photosynthesis.

36. COMPREHENSION CHECK-TOTD • Write an explanation of the water cycle beginning with two drops of water in the ocean. You must use key vocabulary words (evaporation, precipitation, condensation, etc).

37. The Water Cycle Article questions • Write and answer questions. • 1. Which section of the article BEST highlights the idea that the water we have on Earth today is the same water that has always been part of the hydrologic cycle? • 2. Explain how the water cycle influences the weather. • 3. how have warmer ocean temperatures affected the water cycle? • 4. What is the MOST likely reason why the author included the information about plant transpiration in the section "Water Vapor Has A Major Influence On The Planet"? • 5. How does water vapor have a major influence on the planet?

38. The Biosphere and nutrient cycles • Write and answer questions • 1.What elements are all cells primarily made of? • 2.Where does the carbon in living matter come from? • 3.How does most nitrogen in the atmosphere occur? • 4.Where is the largest reservoir of phosphorus in the biosphere? • 5.What is a biosphere? • 6.What does calcium create? • 7.Why does matter move through the biosphere differently than energy? • 8.What do bacteria and fungi release when they consume dead animals and plants? • 9.How can bacteria help plants in the nitrogen cycle? • 10.Why are nutrient cycles important?