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Class Amphibia

http://www.mybitoftheplanet.com/2002/frogmar_files/. http://spongebob.ncsa.uiuc.edu/mike. Class Amphibia. Scaleless body Smooth or warty skin Larvae, adults distinct (exceptions). http://www.mybitoftheplanet.com/2002/. http://fwie.fw.vt.edu/VHS/. http://www.utexas.edu/depts/tnhc/.

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Class Amphibia

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  1. http://www.mybitoftheplanet.com/2002/frogmar_files/ http://spongebob.ncsa.uiuc.edu/mike Class Amphibia • Scaleless body • Smooth or warty skin • Larvae, adults distinct (exceptions) http://www.mybitoftheplanet.com/2002/ http://fwie.fw.vt.edu/VHS/ http://www.utexas.edu/depts/tnhc/ http://fwie.fw.vt.edu/VHS

  2. Larvae Gills* Herbivore/detritivores, predators Aquatic* *A few exceptions (plethodontid salamanders) Adults Lungs* Predators Aquatic or terrestrial *A few salamanders retain gills Class Amphibia

  3. Order Caudata, Family Ambystomatidae(Ambystoma tigrinum: tiger salamander) Identification: adult • Tail (Caudata) • Costal grooves (Ambystomatidae) • Yellow spots or blotches • Large (to 21 cm) http://biodiversity.wku.edu/salamanders/Salamander_Images / Illustration from Christoffel et al. 2001

  4. Ambystoma tigrinum: tiger salamander Identification: larva • External gills • Legs absent (early) or present (late) http://www.herpnet.net/Iowa-Herpetology

  5. Ambystoma tigrinum: tiger salamander Habitat • Adults near/in ponds, or underground • Larvae – ponds Food • Invertebrates, salamanders (adults and larvae) http://www.californiaherps.com/salamanders/

  6. Ambystoma tigrinum: tiger salamander Other • Egg mass in spring • Migrations precede breeding http://www4.ncsu.edu/~haddad/tigereggs.jpg http://www.batraciens.net/illustrations/

  7. Order Anura (frogs and toads) http://spongebob.ncsa.uiuc.edu/mike • Smooth or warty skin • Adult lacks tail (hops) • Larva with internal gills (legs during metamorphosis) http://www.utexas.edu/depts/tnhc/.www/biospeleology http://www.mybitoftheplanet.com/2002/frogmar_files/

  8. Family Bufonidae(Bufo americanus: American toad) http://spongebob.ncsa.uiuc.edu/mike Identification: adult • Paratoid glands • Warty skin • Call a long trill Illustration from Christoffel et al. 2001

  9. Bufo americanus: American toad http://fwie.fw.vt.edu/VHS/ Identification: larva • Dark color • Eyes dorsal • Small (to 2.4 cm) http://www.learner.org/jnorth/images/graphics/

  10. Bufo americanus: American toad http://www.herpnet.net/Iowa-Herpetology/ Habitat • Adults - ponds or dry areas • Larvae - ponds Food • Adults - invertebrates • Larvae - algivores/detritivores

  11. Bufo americanus: American toad http://www.uri.edu/cels/nrs/paton/toad/ Other • Eggs in strings • Antipredator defenses - toxin (paratoid glands), urinating, puffing (garter snakes) http://www.visualsunlimited.com/images/watermarked/301/301530.jpg

  12. Order Anura, Family Hylidae(Pseudacris triseriata: western chorus frog) http://snr.unl.edu/herpneb/images/ Identification: adult • Stripes (variable, broken) • Smooth skin • Small (to 3.9 cm) • Call – finger along comb http://www.herpjournal.com/

  13. Pseudacris triseriata: western chorus frog Identification: larva • Eyes lateral • Tail fin rises above body • Little pigment on fin • Dorsal tail musculature dark • To 3.7 cm long http://www.fs.fed.us/r4/amphibians/images/ Illustration from Conant and Collins 1991 http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/tadpole/psestr2t.jpg

  14. Pseudacris triseriata: western chorus frog http://www.herpnet.net/Iowa-Herpetology/amphibians Habitat • Adults - wetland margins, ditches • Larvae - ephemeral to permanent wetlands Food • Adults - small invertebrates • Larvae - algae

  15. Pseudacris triseriata: western chorus frog Other • Very common, tolerates disturbance • Early breeder (March) • Larvae develop quickly (2-2.5 months) http://www.cortland.edu/herp/keys/images

  16. Order Anura, Family Hylidae(Pseudacris crucifer: spring peeper) Identification: adult • X on back • Wide suction cups • Smooth skin • To 3.2 cm • Call – birdlike peeps, jingling bells (chorus) http://www.bio.sdsu.edu/pub/tod/herpetology/anurans/

  17. Pseudacris crucifer: spring peeper Identification: larva • Eyes lateral • Fin may rise above body • Fin generally clear, musculature unpigmented • To 3.4 cm http://gruagach.home.mindspring.com/tadpoles/pseudacris.crucifer.t.jpg

  18. Pseudacris crucifer: spring peeper Habitat • Adult - wooded areas, edges; low vegetation or on ground • Larvae - wooded wetlands Diet • Adults - invertebrates • Larvae - algae, detritus

  19. Pseudacris crucifer: spring peeper http://www.cortland.edu/herp/keys/images/frogs/pcrucilg.jpg Other • Breed April – May • Single egg attached to structure • Larvae morph 2-3 months • Central IA is western extent of range Eggs http://www.cmnh.org/collections/vertzoo/frogs/fig15.gif

  20. Order Anura, Family Hylidae(Hyla versicolor and Hyla chrysoscelis: gray treefrog) Identification: adult • Gray to green • White spot below eye • Inner legs orange • Warty skin • Wide suction cups • To 5.1 cm • Call a trill (slow to fast) http://www.duke.edu/~cwcook/pix/gtf1378.jpg

  21. Hyla versicolor/chrysoscelis:gray treefrog http://www.uri.edu/cels/nrs/paton/LH_treefrog.html Identification: larva • Red, tapered tail • High tail fin • To 3 cm http://wwknapp.home.mindspring.com/docs/gray.tfrogs.html Illustration from Conant and Collins (1991)

  22. Hyla versicolor/chrysoscelis: gray treefrog http://www.kbs.msu.edu/ACWA/natres/ Habitat • Adult - arboreal; on ground during breeding • Larvae - wetlands Food • Adults - invertebrates (grab flying insects from air) • Larvae – algae, detritus

  23. Hyla versicolor/chrysoscelis: gray treefrog Other • Breed May-July • Overwinter under objects (glycerol in blood prevents freezing) • Individuals change color

  24. Order Anura, Family Hylidae(Acris crepitans: cricket frog) Identification: adult • Somewhat warty • Triangle often on head • To 3.8 cm • Call – clicking marbles http://www.montgomerycountymd.gov/mc/services/dep/herps/photos/

  25. Acris crepitans: cricket frog Identification: larva • Tail tip usually black • Tail dorsal musculature with black bands • To 4.4 cm http://fwie.fw.vt.edu/VHS/coastal%20plain%20cricket%20frog%20tadpole.jpg Illustration from Conant and Collins 1991

  26. Acris crepitans: cricket frog Habitat • Adults - prefer permanent water bodies • Larvae - in water near adults Food • Adults - tiny insects • Larvae - algae http://www.duke.edu/~cwcook/pix/

  27. Acris crepitans: cricket frog Other • Hop into water, return to water edge • Breed March-April • Larvae metamorphose 7 weeks • Declining in northern states, northern IA

  28. Order Anura, Family Ranidae(Rana catesbeiana: bullfrog) Identification: adult • Large (to > 15 cm) • Green to brown body • No dorsolateral ridge • Call – “rumm” http://frogphotos.home.mindspring.com/photos/bullfrog1.jpg Christoffel et al. 2000

  29. Rana catesbeiana: bullfrog Identification: larva • Greenish, large (to > 16 cm) • Black dots http://fisc.er.usgs.gov/c1258_Dodd/circ1258_plates_20b.jpg http://www.samford.edu/schools/artsci/biology/vertzoo-03s/pages/37.htm

  30. Rana catesbeiana: bullfrog http://www.batraciens-reptiles.com/rana_catesbeiana.jpg Habitat • Permanent water bodies (lakes, ponds, rivers) Food • Adults - invertebrates and vertebrates (incl. frogs) • Larvae - macroscopic algae, plants

  31. Rana catesbeiana: bullfrog http://www.hawthornevalleyfarm.org/fep/amphibia/bullfrog%20tadpole.jpg Other • Breed June-July • Large egg mass • Larvae metamorphose in 2 yrs. • Exotic in central IA – threaten native amphibians

  32. Order Anura, Family Ranidae(Rana pipiens: northern leopard frog) Identification: adult • Spots (rarely unspotted) • Dorsolateral ridge • To 9 cm • Call – long snore, grunts http://www.herpnet.net/Iowa-Herpetology/images/Frogs_Toads/

  33. Rana pipiens: northern leopard frog Identification: larva • To 8.5 cm • Flecks (not dots) http://fisc.er.usgs.gov/c1258_Dodd/circ1258_plates_22a.jpg Illustration from Conant and Collins 1991

  34. Rana pipiens: northern leopard frog http://www.herpnet.net/Iowa-Herpetology/ Habitat • Permanent waters • Disperse widely (often far from water) Food • Adults – invertebrates • Larvae – algae, plants, detritus Unspotted form http://www.denniskalma.com/rana%20pipiens.jpg

  35. Rana pipiens: northern leopard frog Other • Breed March-April • Spherical/elliptical egg mass • Larvae metamorphose 3 months • Absorbs water transcutaneously • Declining – habitat loss (incl. road kills), water pollution (chemicals), UV light(?) http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/ http://www.amphibiaweb.org/aw/images/leopardpieterjohnson.jpg

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