Amphibians Class Amphibia

1. AmphibiansClass Amphibia

2. Amphibians • Animals that can live on land and in water Chinese Giant Salamander

3. Amphibians • First animals with four limbs • Tetrapods: vertebrates that have four limbs.

4. Acanthostega • Found in 360 million year-old rocks in Greenland • Had lungs and eight-toed legs, but also had gills and a lateral line system.

5. Fish to Amphibian Transition

6. Large shoulder and hip bones help support more weight. Adaptationshelp amphibians live on land

7. Adaptations • Interlocking projections on the vertebrae help keep the backbone from twisting and sagging.

8. Adaptations • Mobile, muscular tongue allows amphibians to capture and manipulate food.

9. Development of a middle ear help some amphibians hear out of water. Adaptations

10. Breathe through the skin or with the use of gills or lungs Adaptations

11. Adaptations • Amphibians have a three-chambered heart

12. Eggs do not have shells Amphibians return to the water to reproduce

13. Strategies to keep eggs wet: • Laying eggs directly in water • Laying eggs on moist ground • Wrapping eggs in leaves • Brooding eggs in pockets on the female’s back

14. Pygmy Marsupial FrogFlectonotus pygmaeus

15. Tadpoles • Some frogs start as tadpoles • Have gills and a broad-finned tail

16. Amphibian Metamorphosis • Change in form and habits of an animal • It affects nearly every organ in the tadpole’s body

18. Tadpole into Adult Frog • Gills are reabsorbed and lungs develop • Circulatory system is reorganized to send blood to the lungs • Tail fin is reabsorbed

19. Tadpole into Adult Frog • Body grows limbs and completely reorganizes its skeleton, muscles, and parts of the nervous system. • Digestive system is rebuilt to handle a carnivorous diet.

21. Three Groups of Modern Amphibians • Salamanders • Frogs • Caecilians

22. More than 300 species Long body Four walking limbs tail Salamanders

23. Salamanders • Walk with a side-to-side movement that may be similar to ancient tetrapods • The largest family of salamanders do not have lungs, so they exchange gases through the lining of their skin and mouth.

24. Family Plethodontidae • Lungless salamanders • Most common kind

25. Salamanders • Larvae and adults are carnivores InvertebratesVertebrates Insects Fish Worms Frogs Snails

26. Frogs • Over 3000 species • Largest group of living amphibians

27. Adult Frogs • Tailless bodies • Long, muscular hind limbs • Webbed feet • Exposed eardrums • Bulging eyes

28. Adult Frogs • Bodies adapted for jumping • Elongated bones in their hips, legs and feet for increased speed and power • Hind legs have fused bones that absorb the shock of landing

29. One family of frogs Rougher, bumpier skin Shorter legs- not good jumpers Glands make toxins that protect them from predators – also in tropical frogs Toads

30. Live in every environment on Earth except at the poles and the driest deserts. Frogs

31. Caecilians • Legless, burrowing amphibians • Live in the tropics, such as South America

32. 160 species Range from 4 inches to 5 feet Banded bodies that make them look like giant earthworms Caecilians

33. Are predators Search for earthworms and grubs Have no arms or legs for burrowing, so have to move like an earthworm. Use hydrostatic skeleton to stiffen it’s body and drive its head forward like a battering ram. Caecilians