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Inequality and Innovation

Inequality and Innovation. Michael Kahn, Tshwane University of Technology Trivandrum, 19-21 August 2009 mikejkahn@gmail.com. So what is innovation?. Freedom is the recognition of necessity (Engels) Necessity if the mother of invention (Anon.)

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Inequality and Innovation

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  1. Inequality and Innovation Michael Kahn, Tshwane University of Technology Trivandrum, 19-21 August 2009 mikejkahn@gmail.com

  2. So what is innovation? • Freedom is the recognition of necessity (Engels) • Necessity if the mother of invention (Anon.) • Invention is 10% inspiration and 90% perspiration (Edison) • (A good anti-perspirant is an innovation)

  3. Innovation for who, by who?

  4. Inequality dimensions…… • Health • Gender • Class • Income • Ethnic • Educational • Religious • Institutional • Regional • National

  5. A class act Source: Kahn, 2005

  6. Distribution of GDP

  7. Amenities

  8. Household inequality

  9. Gradual change

  10. Gini rising

  11. How exclusion worked Source: Motala, 1994

  12. All regions are equal, but …. 1.5 1.1 2.2 5.7 51.1 2.4 4.6 20.4 4.6

  13. All universities are equal, but …….. Source: HSRC, 2009

  14. Understanding the dynamics Source: Kahn, 2009

  15. Researchers: No, %F, Group, Sector 40 HEI SCI 25% 28% % Female BLACK 21% BUS 20 25 35 45 Dominant age Source: Kahn and Blankley, 2006

  16. Eradicating inequality • Constitutional framework • No discrimination+redress • Labour Relations Act • Schools Act • Employment Equity Act • BBBEE Act • Inclusive SI: RDP – GEAR • ASGISA

  17. Some outcomes • Welfare grants to 20% of population • Free health care for the poor • Free basic education • Loans for higher education • Subsidized housing • Problems of jobless growth • Rise of the black middle class

  18. Small number of Researchers Mentorship blockage Losses to retirement, promotion Small number of PhD students Losses to emigration Inadequate Inadequate science/math teachers Small number of science undergraduates Complex immigration regulations restrict mobility Inadequate quality school leavers Breaking the vicious cycle CoE/SARChI funds for study African 40% 26383 HG Maths 8% of H.E.

  19. Technology as leveler? • In touch: pay as you go • Just in time ordering for vendors • Access to information – exam results; cradle to grave documents • Money transfer system • Early warning device • Tracking people • And billionnaires

  20. 'There is no easy walk to freedom anywhere and many of us will have to pass through the valley of the shadow of death again and again before we reach the mountain tops of our desires.' Source: Mandela, 1953

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