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Primatology

Primatology. The study of primates and how their behavior is similar to human behavior. Intelligence (brain size) Live birth Infant dependency Efficient Respiratory System Mouth, nose, diaphragm, 4 chamber heart = more active. Constant body temp. Fewer bones Specialized teeth.

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Primatology

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  1. Primatology The study of primates and how their behavior is similar to human behavior

  2. Intelligence (brain size) Live birth Infant dependency Efficient Respiratory System Mouth, nose, diaphragm, 4 chamber heart = more active Constant body temp. Fewer bones Specialized teeth Primate Characteristics (Mammal)

  3. Why did primates emerge? • 70 million years ago, climate changed • Forests developed-no more swamps • Forests provide food and habitat • ARBOREAL: tree dwelling • Chewing teeth • Prehensile hands and feet (grasp) • Less need for claws

  4. Primate Sense Organs Activity • Highly developed sense of touch • Poorly developed sense of smell • Highly developed sense of sight • Stereoscopic (3 Dimensional sight) • Caused increased brain size • Color vision Activity

  5. Primate Skeleton • Cranium (brain case) is high and vaulted • Foramen magnum (connects spine to brain) is low and centered on skull • Smell decreased – nose/snout smaller • Clavicle and Scapula allow arm strength • Pentadactyl (5 digits) • Sexual dimorphism: different sizes btw male and female

  6. What about all those multiple births? Primate Reproduction • Usually few offspring • Grips to mom as she climbs in trees • Long period of dependency • Sexes live together • Unpredictable sex times

  7. The Primate Order Turned nose Simple nose

  8. Lorises Lemur Madagascar only Indris

  9. Tarsiers • Can move head 180 degrees • Digits end with adhesive discs • Nocturnal insect eaters • Arboreal

  10. Tarsiers

  11. New World Monkeys • Live in South and Central America • Flat nose, wide-flaring nostrils • Arboreal with prehensile tails • Walk on all fours with palms down • Extra set of premolars

  12. New World Monkeys Squirrel Wooly Howler

  13. Catarrhine • Closely spaced, downward pointing nostrils • Arboreal or terrestrial • Two sets of premolars

  14. Gibbon

  15. Orangutan

  16. Gorilla Bonobo Chimpanzee

  17. Similar characteristics of humans • Lower bones of arms and legs • Opposable thumbs • Fovea Centralis (allows the primate to focus on a particular object without losing sight of surroundings) • Similar physical reproduction • Bipedal • Tool making (only chimps in wild)

  18. Social Behaviors of Primates • Live in group settings  Families • Hierarchy of Power • Fight for power • Food • Territory • Sex

  19. Social Behaviors of Primates • Group (Social) grooming Activity

  20. Social Behaviors of Primates • Interest surrounding new birth • Play: somersaults, Tug-Of-War, King of the Mountain, Wrestle

  21. Social Behaviors of Primates • Baboons choose friends as fathers • Few are monogamous • Territorial with women • Promiscuous

  22. Human Differences • Humans are totally bipedal • Our brains are three times larger • Super long dependency of offspring • Humans have a spoken/symbolic language • Humans can reason

  23. Human Differences • Humans have social institutions to pass along culture • Humans can control environment • Division of labor • Humans have different spinal cord, feet, pelvis • Our legs are longer than our arms

  24. Playing games

  25. Fear

  26. Thinking Hangin' Out

  27. Excitement

  28. Learned Behavior

  29. Affection

  30. Infant Dependency

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