CUAHSI After 5 Years: Overview and Plans

1. CUAHSI After 5 Years:Overview and Plans

2. Frontiers of Hydrologic Science • Water and the Earth System. Extend hydrologic theory to account for couplings among parts of hydrologic cycle and among water, rock, biota, and humans • Richer descriptions of water movement (flowpaths, residence time…) • Need for interdisciplinary research • Transcending place. Establish generality of theory and improve predictive ability

3. What is the role of tile drains in Iowa floods of 2008? Iowa City, IA; June 14, 2008

4. Arikaree River, Kansas(courtesy of KDWP) 1980’s 1996 2006

5. Groundwater recharge in 1965 Dave Chandler, KSU and Walter Dodds, KU

6. Groundwater recharge in 2005 Dave Chandler, KSU and Walter Dodds, KU

7. Groundwater recharge in 2020 Dave Chandler, KSU and Walter Dodds, KU

8. Hydrologic Science Today • How does this place work? (Structure and organization, inference from holistic observation coupled with abiotic and biotic mechanisms ) • How is this place similar to and different from all other places? (Determining generality of inference) • How does this place couple with the larger Earth system?

9. Technological Opportunities • Web services for data access • Multiple sources, multiple scales • GIS for spatial analysis • Interpretive context • Fusion of data and models in space and time • Cutting edge of research • High Performance Computing and Integrated Models • Mechanistic • Inferential through scaling patterns

10. Roles of CUAHSI • Organizer of community activities • Provider of tools and services to academic research community • Catalyst for developing opportunities for individuals to pursue • Facilitator between academic research community and federal government agencies

11. Goal 1: Systematic Inter-site Comparison • CUAHSI Water Data Federation • Publication mechanism for academic researchers • Integrates with federal data holdings • Workshop on Community Questions, e.g., • What is storage of water [at beginning of water year] in gw, sw, soilwater, and vegetation? • How do stores compare with fluxes [=> turnover, residence time]? • What is relative sensitivity of stores to climate forcing [=>system resilience and adaptation]? • Follow-up at CUAHSI Biennial Colloquium

12. Goal 2. Improve Integrated Water Cycle Models • Fundamental goal of Community Hydrologic Modeling Platform (CHyMP) • Improved accessibility of remotely sensed products (MODIS, GRACE, …) • Development of Regional Models • Integrated water cycle models at regional scale • Use CUAHSI WDS and CHyMP • Link GCM projections and Regional Models • WRF-like community model

13. Vision: Where are we 5 years from now? • Improved access for temporal and spatial data • Tools for fusion of data and models in space and time • Regional models of integrated water cycle that are interacting with GCM projections • Hydrologic science actively contributing to policy debates

14. Other NSF-Funded Activities • Meetings/Workshops • CUAHSI Biennial Colloquium (2010, 2012) • Dahlem-type conference (2011) • Instrumentation Training Workshops (annually) • Summer Synthesis Workshops (2009, 2010) • Graduate Student Pathfinder Fellowships • Travel grants to enrich graduate experience by exposure to other fields sites or modeling groups

15. CUAHSI Water Data Services

16. Web Services A new perspective on data integration

17. Bringing Water Data Together http://his.cuahsi.org Government Water Data Academic Water Data National Water Metadata Catalog Hydroseek WaterML

18. Web Services in Space and Time • Water Markup Language (WaterML) transmits time series data about one variable measured at one site by one organization as a web service (GetValues) • Geographic Markup Language (GML) transmits spatial data about sets of geographic features as a Web Feature Service • Combine these two services so that you can transmit water data in space and time

19. ESRI Hydrology Base Map A multiscale tile image base map customized for hydrology http://resources.esri.com/arcgisdesktop/index.cfm?fa=content&tab=US_Maps

20. Observations Data Layer for Dissolved Oxygen in Corpus Christi Bay http://129.116.104.172/ArcGIS/services/CCBAY_MySelect/GeoDataServer/WFSServer displayed over the US Hydrology Base Map from http://downloads2.esri.com/resources/arcgisdesktop/maps/us_hydrology.mxd WSDL address and parameters to obtain observations data using GetValues Metadata for selected data series at observation point H1

21. Arc Hydro Groundwater Data for TWDB wells in Lubbock County http://129.116.104.172/ArcGIS/services/Lubbuck_Wells/GeoDataServer/WFSServer displayed over the US Hydrology Base Map from http://downloads2.esri.com/resources/arcgisdesktop/maps/us_hydrology.mxd Piezometric head time series at TWDB State well 2309901

22. Arc Hydro Groundwater Data for the Edwards Aquifer http://129.116.104.172/ArcGIS/services/EdwardsWFS/geodataserver/WFSServer displayed over the US Hydrology Base Map from http://downloads2.esri.com/resources/arcgisdesktop/maps/us_hydrology.mxd Web feature service for aquifers and wells

23. Gam ModFlow Data acquired from a Web Feature Servicehttp://129.116.104.172/ArcGIS/services/Gam_modflow/GeoDataServer/WFSServer A regional groundwater model of the Gulf Coast Aquifer published as a web feature service from Arc Hydro Groundwater

24. Publishing Data Services • Developing native web services for underlying databases using WaterML as transmission language (or other XML such as WQX) • Reporting metadata to National Water Data catalog at SDSC • Manual dumps • OGC Web Feature Service standard for web service enables automatic retrieval • Tagging variables to ontology

25. Potential Data Sets • NRCS • Snotel and SCAN • Soil Pedon Data Set • NASA • MODIS products • TRMM products • AMSR products • …. • USFS • HydroDB/ClimDB • Individual EF’s • ARS • STEWARDS • Individual Sites • USGS • NWIS UV, DV, IRR • WEBB Data Sets • NCDC • ASOS • DoE • ARM Sites • NOAA/NWS • NARR • EPA • STORET

26. Next steps: Campaigns • Data limitations will become apparent • Synoptic campaigns can provide comparable data, greater spatial coverage. • Academic partners can provide labor

27. Community hydrologic modeling platform

28. The Need for Community Modeling in Hydrology • Community modeling: the development, distribution and technical support of common simulation software designed to serve the diverse needs of a community, and to be advanced through contributions from the community. • Rich tradition in other disciplines, but less so in hydrology • NCAR example enables a broad range of climate research, across spatial and temporal scales, for a variety of applications, and for participation in international climate exercises such as the IPCC • A similar effort in hydrology will enable major advances in hydrological science that are simply not possible in its absence

29. Example science questions that require a community effort and an integrated hydrologic model • How is fresh water distributed over and through the land surface, and how will this change over the next century? • How does the space-time distribution of catchment water storage and flux influence patterns of ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycling • How can water management best adapt to changes in the hydrologic cycle, and what are the feedbacks across scales? • The CHyMP effort proposes to significantly accelerate the development of advanced hydrological modeling capabilities in order to address complex water issues of the highest priority at the national and international levels

30. The Need for Community Modeling in Hydrology • Eliminate repetition: stop ‘recreating the wheel’ and spend more time on science • Enables integrated modeling and new science that cannot be done without it • Can greatly enhance integrated water management, policy/decision support • Without community hydrologic modeling, simulation tools will remain fragmented by and within disciplines or in the proprietary domain of the author.

31. CHyMP status report • In the ‘workshop’ and community engagement phase • defining ‘what is it’ and determining ‘why we need it’ • identifying the needs and requirements and soliciting feedback through community engagement • articulating science and implementation strategies • First CHyMP ‘scoping’ workshop, 26-27 March 2008, Washington, DC • OpenMI Workshop, 7-10 April 2008, Wallingford, England • CMWR2008 Session, 6-10 July 2008, San Francisco, CA • STC pre-proposal for National Center for Hydrologic Modeling submitted, 14 October 2008 • AGU Fall Meeting 2008 Community Modeling session, 19 December 2008, San Francisco, CA • Formation of CSDMS Hydrology Focus Research Group to advise and liaise with CSDMS • First meeting 20-21 January 2009, Boulder, CO • Release of ‘Rationale Report,’ March 2009 (tentative) • Second CHyMP ‘science’ workshop, 31 March – 1 April 2009, Memphis, TN • Third CHyMP ‘implementation’ workshop and Science Plan, Implementation Plan to follow

32. Specific needs and issues • Ties to and compatibility with other CUAHSI activities • Data Federation, HMF, Synthesis, E & O • Design for WATERS Network • Engagement of other community modeling efforts such as CSDMS, ESMF, NCAR, USGS, NOAA, NASA, DoE, OpenWEB, etc. • Links to other disciplines, e.g. ecology, climate, biogeochemisty, social sciences • Portable to HPC/Scalable

33. Specific needs and issues • CHyMP effort • Platform of modular components that can be linked together to form integrated water cycle models and implemented across scales • Regional and National Integrated Water Models • Community engagement and input through working groups and annual meetings – NCAR model?

34. Specific needs and issues • 1. Physics: Represent physics associated with all fresh water • Ground water, vadose, streams, lakes, estuaries, glaciers, snow, etc. • 2. Other Processes: Flexibility to represent many physical, chemical and biological processes • from biology, ecology, environmental engineering, geomorphology, economics, etc. • 3. Scale: Accommodate parameters and physics over a wide range of scales • Pores to continents; methods to up-scale and down-scale parameters. • 4. Other Domains: Couple with Ocean and Atmospheric Circulation Models • Entire hydrologic cycle • 5. Data: Exchange data with Hydrologic Information System • Get data for calibration, store results • 6. Calibration and optimization • Model parameters and uncertainty from large data sets, management strategies • 7. Stochastic: Include stochastic processes, data analyses • Parameter distributions, transition probabilities, networks, Monte Carlo, geostatistics • 8. HPC: Execute simulations on single, or many parallel processors • Middleware for seamless application • 9. Visualization • Display data to maximize insights • 10. Interface • Easy to use, learn, teach

35. Forward Modeling Package Inverse Package Stochastic Package Visualization package Data package Modeling Platform Specific needs and issues Data package Stochastic package Inverse package Forward package Visualization package

36. Towards a National Water Model catchments river network simulated water table depth simulated inundation extent

37. Inter-site comparison

38. Approach for Inter-site Comparison • Workshop to define “Community Questions” • Simple questions that are meaningful at any site (e.g., water storage) • Both answer to question and analysis process to derive answer important • Publication of data sets using CUAHSI WDS • Long-term experimental watersheds data critical • Community engagement • Basis for conceptualizing regional models • Active participation with federal scientists • Highlight contributions of agency long-term data sets

39. Conceptual ModelsWater Distribution Example Vegetation Surface Water Soil Water Groundwater How do we relate measurements in a complex landscape to one-dimensions stores? Comparison of conceptual models will be useful as well as comparison of results.

40. Follow-on Activities • Campaigns • Development of Regional Models • Modeling of integrated water cycle • Use GCM projections • Feedback process representation to GCM’s • USGS “Water for America” Initiative • NSF Water Initiative • Linkage between water resources management and research