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4.1

4.1. What is a mineral?!?!. Objectives for 4.1. Define a mineral Describe how minerals form Classify minerals according to their physical and chemical properties Main idea:

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4.1

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  1. 4.1 What is a mineral?!?!

  2. Objectives for 4.1 • Define a mineral • Describe how minerals form • Classify minerals according to their physical and chemical properties Main idea: Minerals are naturally occurring, , inorganic compounds or elements with a definite chemical compostionand ___________________

  3. Little side note on minerals • Early humans painted on rock walls made from red & yellow pigments in soils (hematite & ochre) • Countries have fought wars and trade companies battled over deposits of table salt (halite) • Today, we build our houses out of dry wall (gypsum), cement out of lime (calcite), and extract aluminum from bauxite to make aluminum foil and soda cans I FEEL MY IGNORANCE DEPLETING!!

  4. Mineral Characteristics • Earth’s crust:

  5. Mineral Characteristics • Naturally occurring: • Inorganic: • Definite chemical composition: each mineral has unique chemical composition to identify itself • Salt or Halite (NaCl) • Muscovite (KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2) • Graphite ( C )

  6. Mineral Characteristics • Definite crystalline structure:

  7. Rock-Forming Minerals • _______ of the 30 most common minerals • Primarily composed of the ____ most common elements in the Earth’s crust • Oxygen (46.6 %) • Silicon (27.7%) • Aluminum (8.1 %) • Iron (5%) • Calcium (3.6 %) • Sulfur (2.8%) • Potassium (2.6 %) • Magnesium (2.1 %) • Other (1.5%)

  8. Minerals from magma • What is magma? • Density of magma: • What minerals form from magma are based on 2 things: Rate at which magma cools is important

  9. Minerals from solutions • Saturated solution: • Supersaturated solution:

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