Australia as a Global Citizen

1. Australia as a Global Citizen Daryl Le Cornu Mount Annan High School

2. DARYL.LECORNU@education.nsw.gov.au

3. Some Teaching Ideas • Students to do research using texts and online resources • Individual task or group work? • Students give presentations to class using ICT? • Prepare students to write to a scaffold knowing key facts in each area • Debate Australia’s role as global citizen

4. Is Australia ‘punching above its weight’ as a global citizen?

5. Punching above our own weight? What does this mean? This term was used a few years ago to describe Australia’s role in the world as a ‘middle power’.

6. What is a middle power? a term used in the field of international relations to describe states that are not superpowers or great powers, but still have large or moderate influence and international recognition.

7. Australia’s Ranking • Australia leaps in economic rankings.doc • Austs_ranking.doc

8. Australia’s Self-Image • A mature democracy • Rule of law • Multicultural success story • Economically competitive • Militarily – allied to a hyper-power - USA • Politically – we seem to have some clout • Going well now but can we stand on our own in the future?

9. Punching above our own weight? Australia impressed other nations with its swift response to the crisis in East Timor in 1999 and in military intervention and peacekeeping in many locations in the following years.

10. Punching above our own weight? This can be considered: EITHER • A good thing because we are making a significant positive contribution in the world OR • A matter of concern because we are over-stretching ourselves as a nation, and cannot sustain such an effort given our population and the size and growing power of our Asian neighbours

11. Punching above our own weight? To consider this question we need to examine in what ways that Australia has participated as a global citizen in the past. Then… We can consider whether Australia is involving itself in an appropriate way for a middle power today.

12. Alliances Individuals Treaties Australia as a Global Citizen Regional Organisations United Nations Humanitarian Relief Peacekeeping Military Action

13. 1. Alliances

14. ANZUS • Members – Australia, New Zealand the United States • Signed 1951 • 1st reason – originally as a US guarantee that Japan would not threaten Australia and NZ again • 2nd reason – in recognition of swift Aust’n support in the Korean War (1950) • Purpose – mutual defence

15. SEATO • South-East Asia Treaty Organisation • Signed 1954 • Purpose: to fight communism in south-east Asia - to be Asian counterpart to NATO (1949) • Members – USA, Britain, France, Philippines, Thailand, Pakistan.

16. 2. Treaties 60th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 2008

17. 2. Treaties Australia is a signatory to numerous multilateral treaties. Here are some prominent examples: • UN Charter 1945 • Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948 • Genocide Convention 1948 • Geneva Conventions 1949 • Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 1968 • Convention Against Torture 1984 • Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty 1996 • Rome Statute (1998) – led to formation of International Criminal Court (ICC) in 2002 • Kyoto Protocol 1997 (though not until late 2007)

18. Australia has also signed many bilateral (between just two nations) treaties. eg • Aust-USA Free Trade Agreement 2005

19. 3. United Nations

20. UN Headquarters – New York

21. 2005 – UN 60th Anniversary

23. Former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan

24. Ban Ki-moonUN Secretary-General

25. Security Council – in the UN Building New York

28. Various UN committees

29. Australia and the United Nations • Australia had also been an enthusiastic supporter of the League of Nations from 1919 • 1945 - Australia a founding member of UN • Jessie Street and Dr Evatt helped draft the UN Charter • Dr HV Evatt (ALP Foreign Minister) was President of the General Assembly 1948-1949 • Australia has been an enthusiastic supporter for most of the post-war period • Australians have been involved in the work of many of the UN’s agencies and has actively contributed to numerous peacekeeping missions

30. 4. Peacekeeping

31. East Timor • From 1999 – then with UN • Again in 2006 • Again in 2008

32. Solomons - RAMSI

33. Arc of Instability • East Timor • New Guinea • Vanuatu • Solomon’s • Fiji

35. Cyprus 1964 Sinai 1973 Kashmir 1976 Namibia 1979 Zimbabwe 1979 Gulf 1991 Somalia 1993 Rwanda 1994 Cambodia 1991-1993 East Timor 1999 Solomons 2003 East Timor 2006 4. PeacekeepingMost, but not all, are operations undertaken as part of the UN

36. Peacekeeping - websites • http://www.australiaun.org/unWeb/content/policy/peacekeeping.asp • http://www.awm.gov.au/atwar/peacekeeping.htm • http://www.awm.gov.au/peacekeeping/ • http://www.anzacday.org.au/history/peacekeeping/peace01.html • http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/dpko/index.asp • http://www.awm.gov.au/peacekeeping/timeline/timeline.htm • http://www.dfat.gov.au/un/aus_un13.html • http://www.awm.gov.au/peacekeeping/timeline/map.htm • http://www.defence.gov.au/index.cfm • http://www.unaa.org.au/praxis.php/category/view/8 • http://www.unaa-wa.org.au/links.php

37. 5. Military Action

38. Military Action Australia played its part in maintaining peace and security in various parts of the world by involvement in military actions: • Korea 1950-53 • Malaya 1955 • Indonesia 1965 • Vietnam 1965-71 • Gulf War 1991 • Afghanistan 2001 & 2006 • Iraq 2003

39. 6. Humanitarian Relief

40. Humanitarian Relief Some examples of the areas in which the Australian government and non-government agencies provide relief: • Boxing Day Tsunami 2004 • Earthquakes – Indonesia 2006, Turkey • Landmines • Famine • HIV/Aids

41. Humanitarian Relief For examples see: • http://www.ausaid.gov.au/human/emergencies.cfm • http://www.ausaid.gov.au/closeup/default.cfm

42. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo_plan http://www.pandanusbooks.com.au/item.php?searchterm=PB41B Started 1951 Social development and economic aid to South-east Asian countries Colombo Plan

43. http://www.careaustralia.org.au/ Care Australia

44. 7. Regional Organisations

45. ASEAN Members BruneiCambodiaIndonesiaLaosMalaysiaMyanmarPhilippinesSingaporeThailandVietnam

46. The ASEAN Regional Forum ASEAN Regional Forum: ██ ASEAN countries██ Other ASEAN Regional Forum participants

47. ASEAN Regional Forum • ASEAN regularly conducts dialogue meetings with other countries and an organization, collectively known as the ASEAN dialogue partners during the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF). • The ASEAN Regional Forum is an informal multilateral dialogue of 25 members that seeks to address security issues in the Asia-Pacific region. The ARF met for the first time in 1994. • The current participants in the ARF are as follows: ASEAN, Australia, Canada, People's Republic of China, European Union, India, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Mongolia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Russia, East Timor, and the United States. Bangladesh was added to ARF as the 26th member, starting from July 28, 2006.

48. The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC) is a group of Pacific Rim countries who meet with the purpose of improving economic and political ties. It has standing committees on a wide range of issues, from communications to fisheries. The heads of government of all APEC members meet annually in a summit called "APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting" rotating in location among APEC's member economies. APEC is famous for its tradition of having attending leaders dress in the national costume of the host nation. APEC

49. APEC Members

50. http://www.dfat.gov.au/cc/cchome.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canberra_Commission_on_the_Elimination_of_Nuclear_Weapons Canberra Commission