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Wastewater treatment and non-treatment options for reuse in agriculture

Wastewater treatment and non-treatment options for reuse in agriculture. Javier Mateo-Sagasta Dávila FAO Land and Water Division. INDEX. Global figures on wastewater use in agriculture Why wastewater is used? How to manage risks ? Treatment Non-treatment options. Global figures.

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Wastewater treatment and non-treatment options for reuse in agriculture

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  1. Wastewater treatment and non-treatment options for reuse in agriculture Javier Mateo-Sagasta Dávila FAO Land and Water Division

  2. INDEX • Global figures on wastewater use in agriculture • Why wastewater is used? • How to manage risks? • Treatment • Non-treatment options

  3. Global figures Use of untreated or partially treated WW 50 Countries 5-20 million hectares Difficult to monitor by public authorities. May be underreported!

  4. Why wastewater is used Water Scarcity

  5. Why wastewater is used Water Pollution

  6. Why wastewater is used These two drivers are specially important in urban and periurban areas. Water Scarcity Fierce competition for clean water Water Pollution

  7. Why wastewater is used Consequence: Millions of farmers, specially in peri-urban areas, have no option but to use marginal quality water to irrigate their crops.

  8. Why wastewater is used Nutrients Macro nutrients (N and P), Micro nutrients (K, Ca, Mg…) Organic matter – Demand of chemical fertilizers is reduced – it may be the only source of fertilizers for poor farmers

  9. Why wastewater is used Monday Available all year round • Unlike rain water or natural water courses. • It allows: • More types of crops • More corps per year • Higher incomes Tuesday Springtime Summer

  10. Why wastewater is used Opportunitiesof water reuse Linear society: Pollution and lost resources Recycling society: Improved food security

  11. Risks • Hazards in wastewater Parasitic Protozoa Helmints Ameba intestinalis Giardia Intestinalis Ascaris Virus Bacteria Others Heavey Metals Enteric Virus Cholera, typhus, salmonella

  12. Risks • Hazardsin wastewater • Can Harm: • Environment • Crop productivity • Human health

  13. Risks • Groups at risk • Consumers • Farmers and their families • Close communities

  14. Risk management OPTION 1: Eliminate hazards: Safe Water Water Reclamation OPTION 2: Risk management: Multiple barriers Lower the hazard and reduce the exposure

  15. Risk management OPTION 1: Eliminate hazards: Safe Water • Common in high income countries • Strict water quality standards for reuse • Advanced Wastewater Treatment = water reclamation

  16. Risk management Some times don’t work

  17. Risk management • Why they don’t work? • Not operated and • poorly maintained • Frequent power cuts • Lack of technical capacities • No capacity to pay

  18. Risk management OPTION 2: Risk management: Multiple barriers Lower the hazard and reduce the exposure Types of barriers:

  19. Risk management Example of a Low-cost treatment: Greywater Treatment System Green removal panel Manhole- steel cover Screen Filter To the irrigation system Stone Vales

  20. Capacity development To promote the productive and safe use of wastewater in agriculture… Countries need to develop their capacities.

  21. Capacity development We can support you in this process.

  22. THANK YOU!

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