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From Molecular Cores to Stars

From Molecular Cores to Stars. Examining Herbig-Haro 46/47. © 2005 The University of Texas at Austin For classroom instruction Production supported by a NASA Education/Public Outreach grant. Color Calibration.

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From Molecular Cores to Stars

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  1. From Molecular Cores to Stars Examining Herbig-Haro 46/47 © 2005 The University of Texas at Austin For classroom instruction Production supported by a NASA Education/Public Outreach grant

  2. Color Calibration Make sure that your video projector accurately reproduces these colors, especially yellow (Y) and green (G). Y G White Yellow Red Magenta Green Blue Cyan

  3. 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 A B C D E F G H I A B C D E F G H I 1. What part of the electromagnetic spectrum are you seeing in each image? The tiny dots of light are stars. Most of the stars are far behind this nebula in the foreground that is made of gas and dust. i. Which image shows the infrared light? ii. Which image shows the visible light? iii. What evidence in the images supports your decision?

  4. Primary Colors Blue Green Red

  5. Primary Colors Blue Green Red

  6. Primary Colors Blue Green Red

  7. Primary Colors Blue Green Red

  8. = + + = + = + = +

  9. Secondary Colors Cyan Yellow Magenta

  10. Secondary Colors Cyan Yellow Magenta

  11. Secondary Colors Cyan Yellow Magenta

  12. Secondary Colors Cyan Yellow Magenta

  13. = + + = + = + = +

  14. HH 46/47 infrared HH 46/47 visible 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 A B C D E F G H I A B C D E F G H I 8 µm 4.5 µm + 5.8 µm 3.6 µm Visual IR False colors 0.4 0.8 3.6 4.6 5.8 8.0 wavelength in micrometers What do the colors in the infrared image mean? The infrared image “colors” correspond to infrared wavelengths of light, not visible colors. Visible colors range in wavelength from 0.4 to 0.7 micrometers. The light wavelengths in the infrared image range from 3.6 to 8.0 micrometers. To make sense of the infrared image, astronomers assign visible colors to infrared wavelengths to produce a “false color” image, like the one you are examining: 3.6 micrometers = blue (shortest wavelength), 4.6 and 5.8 micrometers combined = green, and 8.0 micrometers = red (longest wavelength).

  15. HH 46/47 infrared HH 46/47 visible 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 A B C D E F G H I A B C D E F G H I 8 µm 4.5 µm + 5.8 µm 3.6 µm Visual IR False colors 0.4 0.8 3.6 4.6 5.8 8.0 wavelength in micrometers 2. Examine the infrared image of HH 46/47 i. Which false colors in the infrared image represent the hottest material? The coolest? ii. Why do you think the other stars in the infrared image are false blue and white? iii. If a feature appears white in the infrared image, what does that indicate about the energy distribution in infrared wavelengths?

  16. HH 46/47 infrared HH 46/47 visible 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 A B C D E F G H I A B C D E F G H I 8 µm 4.5 µm + 5.8 µm 3.6 µm Visual IR False colors 0.4 0.8 3.6 4.6 5.8 8.0 wavelength in micrometers 1.25 ly 3. Examine the visible light image of HH 46/47 i. What is the dark blob (centered at E4) in the visible light image? Explain. ii. What are the points of light surrounding the dark blob in the visible light image? Explain.

  17. HH 46/47 infrared HH 46/47 visible 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 A B C D E F G H I A B C D E F G H I 8 µm 4.5 µm + 5.8 µm 3.6 µm Visual IR False colors 0.4 0.8 3.6 4.6 5.8 8.0 wavelength in micrometers 1.25 ly 4.Compare and contrast the two images List the prominent features in each image, and how you think they are related.

  18. HH 46/47 infrared HH 46/47 visible 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 A B C D E F G H I A B C D E F G H I 8 µm 4.5 µm + 5.8 µm 3.6 µm Visual IR False colors 0.4 0.8 3.6 4.6 5.8 8.0 wavelength in micrometers 1.25 ly 5. Evidence of motion The tube shaped “smoke ring” in the infrared image (E2, E3, F3, G4) is an outflow of gas and dust from the forming star. The gas is expanding rapidly, with maximum speeds approaching 100 kilometers per second. Include supporting evidence in your explanations. Why do you think the gas and dust are emitting infrared light?

  19. Electron Microscope Image of Space Dust 0.1 mm http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/EP-177/ch2-4.html Displayed in a close-up under an electron microscope, this tiny bit of cosmic dust may be our first sample of a passing comet. Less than one-tenth of a millimeter across, the particle is composed of millions of even tinier crystals. Although chemically similar to some meteorites, its fluffy, crystalline structure is unlike that of any known meteorite.

  20. What is inside the Orion Nebula ? The constellation of Orion Betelgeuse Animation Credit: Zolt Levay (STScI) and Bryan Preston (STScI and Max-Q Digital) Orion’s Belt Orion Nebula Rigel Animation Credit:NASA and Walt Feimer (STScI) http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/2001/13/video/b STScI-2001-13 Image by Akira Fujii http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/1994/24/video/a

  21. Side view of A A B C 6. What happens after star formation? These is a visible wavelength images of an object in the Orion Nebula taken with the Hubble Space Telescope. What is the bright spot in the center of image A? What about the dark oval in image A and the dark disk in image B? Where do you think the planets would form? Image Credit: Mark McCaughrean (Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy), C. Robert O'Dell (Rice University), and NASA http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/1994/24/image/c

  22. 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 A B C D E F G H I A B C D E F G H I Wink slides: Switch, or wink, between the two following slides to compare and contrast the images.

  23. 8 µm 4.5 µm + 5.8 µm 3.6 µm 5 4 3 2 1 A B C D E F G H I

  24. 5 4 3 2 1 A B C D E F G H I

  25. Dust to Dust Cycle H and He Clouds Clump & Collapse Big Bang Neutron Star Proto Planetary Disc Dust & Gas Sub-stellar Proto Star Supernova Black Hole Star Planets Planetary nebula White Dwarf

  26. Big Bang Spitzer Space Telescope Cores to Discs Legacy Team H and He Clouds Clump & Collapse Inter-stellar Medium Black Hole Proto Planetary Disc Sub-stellar Objects Proto Star Li, BeC, N, O,… Supernova Neutron Star Star Planets “Planetary”Nebula White Dwarf

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