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The Mobility of Diasporas

Defining the Topic. Diasporas = migrant communities = transnational communities Mobility = transfer of resources by way of networks, (whether human, financial or otherwise). 1. Migration and Family Remittances. 1995-2005 increase Global migrants 26 million

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The Mobility of Diasporas

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    1. The Mobility of Diasporas Ton van Naerssen (Radboud University Nijmegen) Presentation at the Globility/IGU Commission International Conference on Transnational processes and Crossing Places: New Forms of International Mobility, Gran Canaria, June 19-21, 2009.

    2. Defining the Topic Diasporas = migrant communities = transnational communities Mobility = transfer of resources by way of networks, (whether human, financial or otherwise)

    3. 1. Migration and Family Remittances 1995-2005 increase Global migrants 26 million Remittances 58 to 167 billion US$

    4. Effect of migration: remittances flows Remittance flows have doubled in the past decade: 216 billion USD in 2004 (150 billion going to developing countries). - In many developing countries remittances have surpassed foreign aid (except Africa – where largely undocumented, also due to prior disinterest and lacking capacity to study migrants by national governments. - Largest source of foreign capital for a lot of countries. Remittance flows have doubled in the past decade: 216 billion USD in 2004 (150 billion going to developing countries). - In many developing countries remittances have surpassed foreign aid (except Africa – where largely undocumented, also due to prior disinterest and lacking capacity to study migrants by national governments. - Largest source of foreign capital for a lot of countries.

    5. Family remittances Indonesia

    6. Destination documented labour migrants Overseas Contract Workers (Documented) Kuwait 1,200,000 Malaysia 1,700,000 Hong Kong 102,100 Taiwan 100,000 USA (L.A.) 100,000 Total 3,353,861 Source: Hugo 2008

    7. Origin documented labour migrants (source Hugo 2008)

    8. Undocumented migrants East Asia but especially Malaysia (estimated one million in Malaysia) All islands but especially Sumatera

    9. Impact Potential for poverty alleviation in origin regions. Consumptive and productive investments in health, education, agriculture and small business Productive investments need structural change at local and regional level

    10. 2. Knowledge transfer in India Gujarat, Punjab, Kerala – Middle East, Skilled labour to USA, UK etc. Knowledge transfer (Bengalore) by return migration (brain gain) Need for right investment climate

    11. Medical knowledge transfer IOM temporary return migration (MIDA project Ghana) Virtual medical community (internet)

    12. 3. Investments and trade: China Investments in real estates and manufacturing industries China: Factory of the World China; Bank of America (Building up a huge foreign exchange reserve)

    13. Foreign investors 1979-2005 Hong Kong 42% Japan 9% USA 8% UK Virgin Islands 7% Taiwan 7% Rest (SE Asia) 27% Total 632 billion US$ 100%

    14. Southeast China Diaspora investments 60 per cent National and regional policies Incentives to create an investment climate Source: Leung 2008

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