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Introduction: Reading Russian film . Terms, Genres, Historical context. Two types of discontinuity. Technical innovation: sound, colour, hand-held camera (steadycam) Social and political breaks in evolution. Periodization: 1896 – 1918. Capitalist, commercial cinema.
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Introduction:Reading Russian film Terms, Genres, Historical context
Two types of discontinuity • Technical innovation: sound, colour, hand-held camera (steadycam) • Social and political breaks in evolution
Periodization: 1896 – 1918 • Capitalist, commercial cinema. • Entertainment predominated. Star system. • Melodramas, national sagas.
Periodization: 1918 – 1930 • Cinema nationalized. • “Avantgarde” political cinema: Pudovkin, Eisenstein, Dziga Vertov, Dovzhenko.
But…. Audiences prefer Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford…
Periodization: 1930 – 1953 • Sound movies and musicals. • Tight political control, • 1935 - Union of film-makers. • High Stalinism, • Socialist realism. • Film as propaganda. • “Trophy” films.
“Trophy” films Marika Rökk The Girl of My Dreams (1944)
Periodization 1953- 1984 • Golden age of Soviet Cinema. • Influence of French and Italian cinema. • Mass production of high quality popular films: Georgy Danelia, Eldar Ryazanov. • “Elite” films with deeper intellectual content: Sergei Paradzhanov, Andrei Tarkovsky.
Periodization 1984 - 1991 • Perestroika. • Competition from video and TV (Mexican and Brazilian soaps). • Distribution of suppressed films. • “Film Noir” (“Chernukha”) • Collapse of film industry. • Breakdown of Soviet system.
Outof the archives TheCommissar dir. Aleksandr Askoldov (film shot in 1967, released 20 years later)
Chernukha (“black” film) The Needle dir. Rashid Nugmanov (1988)
Periodization: 1991 - • Capitalist film industry • Flood of American films in cinemas and video • Struggle to maintain Russian film industry • Alternative films and TV series.
The Night Watch (Nochnoy dozor)dir. Timur Bekmambetov (2004) “All that stands between light and darkness is the Night Watch.”
Issues: Political role of film as form of dissent Victor Tsoy: “Change” Film: Assa Dir. Sergei Solov’ov (1987).
Issues: Narrative vs non-narrative structure The Russian Ark Dir. Aleksandr Sokurov (2002)
Issues Relationship of film to other genres: theatre, literature, visual arts, TV TV Series Liquidation (2007)