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Inland Waterway Lock/Vessel Optimization Study Upper Mississippi River Locks 20-25 Center For Transportation Studies Uni

GIS for Tracking Vessels on the Inland Waterways Inland Waterway Lock/Vessel Optimization Study Upper Mississippi River Locks 20-25 Center For Transportation Studies University Of Missouri, St. Louis 15 June 2005 Scope and Team

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Inland Waterway Lock/Vessel Optimization Study Upper Mississippi River Locks 20-25 Center For Transportation Studies Uni

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  1. GIS for Tracking Vessels on the Inland Waterways Inland Waterway Lock/Vessel Optimization Study Upper Mississippi River Locks 20-25 Center For Transportation Studies University Of Missouri, St. Louis 15 June 2005

  2. Scope and Team • Identify GIS and vessel tracking applications for inland waterway transport on the UMR. • Document appropriate technologies to implement a vessel tracking system. • Develop a prototype GIS-based vessel tracking system to assist in implementing an appointment or scheduling system. • Research Team: • Ray Mundy, Ph.D. • James F. Campbell, Ph.D. • Will Winter, Denise Franke, Amrita Sinha

  3. Real-time Tracking of Tows • Provides more accurate locations of tows. • Allows lockmasters to better manage lockages. • Supports implementation of an appointment or scheduling system. • May provide collateral benefits: Safety, Security, Environmental Protection, Operations.

  4. Vessel Tracking • Technology for tracking tows in real-time is well developed. • Vessel tracking is well established in many locations: • Large operators on the UMR. • U.S. Coast Guard VTS areas and IRVMC. • St. Lawrence Seaway. • European inland waterways. • Port security and fisheries enforcement world-wide.

  5. GIS Use on the UMR • Static Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are widely used by organizations on the UMR for a variety of purposes: • Safety and security. • Environmental protection. • Navigation. • Users: • Federal, State and local governments (e.g., Corps, U.S. Coast Guard) • Tow operators. • Environmental organizations. • Etc.

  6. Vessel Tracking Examples • Tow operators. • U.S. Coast Guard: IRVMC and VTS. • St. Lawrence Seaway. • RIS in Europe. • Other Examples: • SmartLock. • VIPS. • Panama Canal. • Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS).

  7. Tow Tracking • Large operators track their own tow boats. • Some use commercial systems. • Others have proprietary systems. • The U.S. Coast Guard tracks all hazardous cargoes on the UMR (IRVMC). • Neither the Corps nor the Coast Guard have real-time tracking of all commercial vessels on the UMR-IW.

  8. Memco

  9. Tow Configuration

  10. Ingram

  11. Internet Mapping

  12. Zoomed In…

  13. Tracking System Providers • BOATRACS (now owned by AirIQ) • 400 commercial fleets; >800 inland workboats. • WATERCOM (Mobex) • WATERCOM developed by ACBL in 1980s using radio towers. • Others: • BargeTrak (StarTrak; originally rail car tracking) • River-Trac (ACBL) • Satamatics; SASCO; Information Technology Systems, LLC; Meridian; Intellitrans, LLC; TransCore, etc.

  14. U.S. Coast Guard • Tracks hazardous cargoes on UMR via Inland Rivers Vessel Movement Center (IRVMC) in St. Louis. • Tracks all commercial vessels at vessel traffic service (VTS) locations. • AIS (Automated Information Systems) • Expanding AIS throughout all navigable waterways.

  15. IRVMC • Formed by Coast Guard in April 2003: • “to ensure public safety, prevent sabotage or terrorist acts, and facilitate the efforts of emergency services and law enforcement officers responding to terrorist attacks.” • Tracks all certain dangerous cargoes (CDCs) in “near-real time”. • Uses regulated navigation areas including UMR-IW. • Applies to all towing vessel operators and fleeting area managers responsible for the movement of barges carrying CDCs.

  16. CDCs • Explosives and blasting agents. • Poisonous gases and liquids. • Ammonium nitrate and certain fertilizers. • Radioactive materials. • Bulk liquefied chlorine gas, and other liquefied gases.

  17. IRVMC Reporting • Owners and operators of covered barges hauling CDCs are required to report position and other information to the IRVMC. IRVMC REPORTING POINTS UPPER MISSISSIPPI (UMR) UP DOWN 796 796 DEPARTING LOCK & DAM 3 752.8 752.8 DEPARTING LOCK & DAM 4 679.2 679.2 DEPARTING LOCK & DAM 8 583 583 DEPARTING LOCK & DAM 11 493.3 493.3 DEPARTING LOCK & DAM 14 410.5 410.5 DEPARTING LOCK & DAM 18 324.9 324.9 DEPARTING LOCK & DAM 21 241.4 241.4 DEPARTING LOCK & DAM 25 200.8 200.8 ARRIVING and DEPARTING MELVIN PRICE (DB)

  18. IRVMC Data • Required to report to the IRVMC via email or toll free telephone or fax: • Name of barge and towboat, • Name of loading, fleeting and terminal facility, • Estimated time of arrival (ETA) at: • loading, fleeting and terminal facilities, • 148 designated reporting points, • Planned route and estimated time of departure (ETD) from facilities, • Any significant departure from previously reported information.

  19. IRVMC Timing • Timing of reporting to the IRVMC: • 4 hours prior to loading and to getting underway with CDCs - and dropping off and picking up CDCs from a fleeting area, • At entry into, and departure from, the covered geographic area, • Upon arrival at the final destination with a covered barge (if within the reporting area), • At any time ETA varies by 6 hours from the previously reported ETA, • When directed by the Coast Guard.

  20. IRVMC Tracking & Display • Have GIS display of vessels throughout U.S. • Limited mapping capabilities. • Position updates hourly and as required. • Tracking data provided by operators: • Large tow operators send data electronically from their traffic centers. • Smaller operators use fax and phone. • Focus is on safety and security.

  21. U.S. Coast Guard VTS Centers • Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) Centers

  22. VTS Centers • Vessel Traffic Services Centers: • Provide monitoring and navigational advice for vessels in confined and busy waterways. • Shift from safety and navigation emphasis to security. • Integrate data broadcast from vessels and from land-based sensors at central location. • Vessel data: AIS • Land-based sensors: radar, VHF, infrared, closed circuit TV. • Put no additional burden on the mariner.

  23. AIS • Automatic Identification Systems. • Developed by IMO (International Maritime Organization) to improve maritime safety, protect the environment, and improve VTS operations. • Includes ship-to-ship, ship-to-shore and shore-to-ship communications. • Automatically broadcasts position, ID, and other static, dynamic, and voyage related data. • Receives data from other AIS units.

  24. VTS New Orleans

  25. VTS New Orleans Sensors and cameras transmit data back to the vessel traffic Center.

  26. VTS Vessel Display

  27. VTS Louisville • Operates on a 13 mile stretch of the Ohio River during high water. • Guides vessels through waters near the Falls of the Ohio. • Operated as a part-time “on demand" service. • Manned by Active and Reserve duty personnel. • Operates 45 days each year on average, but has operated for as long as 106 days.

  28. St. Lawrence Seaway • 15 locks: 740’ long; 80’ wide; 30’ deep. • Montreal – Lake Ontario: • 22-24 hours transit time. • 2 U.S. locks. • 5 Canadian locks. • Welland Canal: • Connects lake Ontario and Lake Erie. • 27 miles, 8 locks (Canadian). • 3 Seaway Traffic Control Centers: • AIS implemented starting in 2002.

  29. St. Lawrence Seaway • Bi-national cooperation. • United States: • 2 locks (Eisenhower and Snell) in middle of Seaway. • Managed by St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corp. (SLSDC - agency within DOT). • Canada: • 13 locks at ends of Seaway. • Managed by St. Lawrence Seaway Management Corp. (SLSMC - private not-for-profit corp.) • Locks owned by Government of Canada.

  30. St. Lawrence Seaway

  31. Seaway Control Center

  32. St. Lawrence Seaway

  33. Seaway TMS and AIS • Traffic Management System (TMS): • Manages data for all transits and vessels. • Broadcasts safety and navigation information to vessels. • AIS integrated into TMS in 2002. • Vessels also report at call in points. • Cost = $2.1 million. • Estimated savings = $300,000/year. • Do not generally re-sequence vessels at locks. • Little variability in lockage times (all lockages are a single ship). • Traffic management still relies heavily on voice transmissions.

  34. YearTotal CostSLSDC SLSMC Carriers (US) (Canada) 1992-96 Feasibility study $200,000 $200,000 $0 $0 1997-99 System reqs, AIS survey, $150,000 $75,000 $75,000 $0 Integration demo. 2000-02 Full implementation $1,565,000 $500,000 $500,000 $565,000 2003-04 Updates, Training $163,800 $78,900 $78,900 $0 Total $2,078,800 $853,900 $653,900 $571,000 AIS and TMS Cost

  35. Europe - RIS • RIS: River Information Services • “a concept for harmonized information services which supports traffic and transport management in inland navigation, including interfaces to other transport modes.” • Broad geographic and functional scope: • 30,000 km of waterways in 11 countries. • 11,500 vessels (mainly self propelled). • 77.5 billion ton-miles in 2003.

  36. Comprehensive • Uses common systems to link: • Pilots. • Tow companies. • Lock, harbor and terminal operators. • RIS operators. • Waterway authorities. • Emergency responders. • Also used for: • Law enforcement. • Statistical data collection. • Waterway charges and port fees. • Broader than U.S. Coast Guard IWS (Intelligent Waterways System) initiative.

  37. Many Projects • INDRIS: 1998 – 2002 • Explored AIS and inland ECDIS (electronic chart display information systems). • Developed framework and standards for communications and data. • Identified value added services beyond VTS. • COMPRIS: 2002-2005 (44 partners). • Final phase before full-scale implementation. • Provides architecture and standards for RIS: • Functional, Information, Data, Physical and Organizational.

  38. RIS Benefits • Primary benefits: • Improved competitiveness of the inland waterways. • Optimized use of lock and terminal infrastructure. • Improved safety and security. • Enhanced environmental protection. • Benefit – Cost ratios*: • 5 for society. • 3.5 for pilots. • 1 for waterway authorities. * from an INDRIS demonstration project on the Rhine River.

  39. SmartLock • Lock navigation aid to assist pilots in the lock approach.  • Developed for Port of Pittsburgh. • Provides precise information, in near-real time, including: • Distances between the tow and lock, and • Conditions at the lock, such as dam opening, river & wind conditions. • Uses differential GPS (DGPS) for high accuracy.

  40. SmartLock Example • Provides the pilot with information overlaid on an electronic navigation chart (ENC).  • Example: A tow approaching Emsworth lock from upstream. • Distances of the bow and stern from the guide wall. • Distance from the bow to the bullnose.  • Information about conditions (wind, dam opening, current, etc.). 

  41. Benefits & Costs • Improves reliability, predictability, safety and efficiency at the lock.  • Cost-savings include: • Allowing locking in fog ($58 million/yr). • Speeding lockages by 10 minutes ($10 million/yr). • Reducing accidents: (>$1 million/yr). • SmartLock costs: • Towboat cost: approximately $14,000. • Cost at lock: estimated at less than $13,000. 

  42. Other Applications • Panama Canal. • VIPS – Vessel Identification and Positioning System • Developed by Volpe Center. • Used for Columbia River, Boston Harbor, Cape Cod Canal. • VMS (vessel monitoring systems) for fisheries.

  43. Panama Canal • 80 km with 6 pairs of locks in 3 sets. • 8-10 hours to transit. • CTAN (Communication, Traffic Management and Navigation) system since 2000. • Track well in advance of arrival. • Pre-arrival notice of 96 hours. • Use portable GPS/AIS units for transit ($150).

  44. VIPS • Extends technology from Panama Canal and St. Lawrence Seaway • Focus on port security. • Combines AIS (Automatic Identification Systems) information and shore and ship-based remote sensing. • Geographic display includes automated alerts. • Also used for navigation and environmental protection.

  45. VMS • Vessel Monitoring Systems. • Required by NMFS for compliance in certain off-shore fisheries. • Hourly polling for locations of vessels. • Many commercial providers of VMS systems world-wide. • Use satellite-based systems. • Argos, Inmarsat, OrbComm, Boatracs, etc. • Cost split between owners and government.

  46. Technologies for Vessel Tracking • Find vessel position. • GPS, Triangulation with satellites or shore-based antenna. • Communicate vessel position to shore station. • Satellite, VHF Radio, AIS. • Integrate information for traffic management. • Communications links to traffic center. • Integration software.

  47. Technologies Lock Land Station Traffic Center 1. Positioning 2. Communications 3. Integration

  48. Technologies • Vessel Location. • GPS: accuracy to 10 meters. • DGPS: accuracy much better. • Other satellite systems: lesser accuracy. • AIS. • Land Communications. • Standard telecom methods: • Satellite, radio, microwave, land lines, etc. • Internet.

  49. Satellite-based Positioning • Current satellite systems provide a variety of options: • ARGOS, Inmarsat, Boatracs, OrbComm, etc. • Technology Assessment of Mobile Satellite System Alternatives”, U.S. Coast Guard R&D Center, 1998. • Many vendors provide packages (equipment + software) for communications and positioning.

  50. Inmarsat & OrbComm • Inmarsat • Focuses on maritime safety worldwide and GMDSS (Global Maritime Distress and Safety System). • Heavily used for ocean carriers and fishing fleets. • OrbComm • 30 satellites provide global coverage. • Received Coast Guard contract in June 2004 to provide AIS capability. • Plan new satellite launch in 2006 for AIS. • Partners provide tracking and communication services.

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