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Year 13 revision Lesson 11

Year 13 revision Lesson 11. Countdown to exams 14 lessons to go Paper 2. A Level Exam 2018. PLC Biopsychology. Remember to date this. RED - tick when you have produced brief notes. AMBER - tick when you have a good grasp of this topic.

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Year 13 revision Lesson 11

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  1. Year 13 revisionLesson 11 Countdown to exams 14 lessons to go Paper 2

  2. A Level Exam 2018

  3. PLC Biopsychology Remember to date this. RED - tick when you have produced brief notes. AMBER - tick when you have a good grasp of this topic. GREEN - tick during the final revision when you feel you have complete understanding of the topic. Year 12 work

  4. Paper 2: Revision Plan Year 12 work

  5. A01: Major subdivisions of the nervous system 1. 2. You may be asked to label a diagram similar to this in the exam

  6. The central nervous system (CNS) The brain stem connects the brain with the spinal cord. You may be asked to label a diagram like this in the exam Sample Exam Question : Outline the role of the CNS ( 4 marks)

  7. Sample question • Fat men prefer salads to an ordinary vegetable. • Fat men (frontal-motor ability) • Prefer salads (parietal-sensory) • To An (temporal-auditory) • Ordinary vegetable (occipital-visual)

  8. Explain the process of synaptic transmission. [4 marks] • Weaker students mainly struggled with either poor focus on the process of synaptic transmission or a lack of specific detail or inaccuracies, especially regarding the use of scientific terminology. • Common misunderstandings included vesicles crossing the synaptic gap, action potentials being excitatory/inhibitory, neurotransmitters being ‘fired’ across the gap and confusion between chemical and electrical transmission. • Few made use of a diagram and those that did generally were ineffective in explaining the process

  9. A01: The structure and functions of neurons :[4 marks] You may be asked in the exam to label a neuron Exam Question : Can you explain what is meant by sensory , relay and motor neurons

  10. Key terms • Both dendrites and axons are extensions of nerve cells. • Dendritesbring information to the cell body and axons take information away from the cell body. • Dendrites comes from the Greek word ‘Dendron’, which means ‘Tree’. • Axons are more slender and their role is to transmit signals ( i.e. take them away) • Dendrites to receive such signals

  11. Exam Question : Explain the nature of synaptic transmission ( 6 marks) Explain what is meant by excitation and inhibition in synaptic transmission You may be asked in the exam to label a neuron

  12. A01: Action Potential Once information arrives at the axon it travels along the length in the form of an electrical signal. This is know as an action potential. Action potentials are nerve impulses.

  13. A01: Summation and Action Potentials • There are two types of neurotransmitters , excitatory and inhibitory. (Most can be both except GABA which is always inhibitory) • The effect of a neurotransmitter at a post synaptic neuron depends on several factors. How much of a neurotransmitter is released and the action of the neurotransmitter. • Inputs can arrive from different neurons or from the same area. • When a neuron receives an excitatory and/or inhibitory input at the same time it adds them together. This adding is called summation. • If the number of excitatory inputs are sufficiently great it results in an action potential.

  14. Inhibition Excitation and Summation

  15. Briefly outline how excitation and inhibition are involve in synaptic transmission ( 4 marks) Exam Tip: Excitation and inhibition occur at post synaptic membrane. Excitation : stimulation which results in increase of positive charge in post synaptic neuron : firing more likely Inhibition: stimulation which results in increase of negative charge in post synaptic neuron : firing less likely. Summation : For the top mark band you need to understand this process…… the addition of positive and negative post synaptic potentials.

  16. Research methods are everywhere! A psychologist wanted to test the effects of biological rhythms on the ability to solve maths problems. She used random sampling to form two groups each of 20 students. She tested one group on one set of maths problems at 3 am in the morning. The other group were tested on another set of maths problems at 3 pm in the afternoon. She found that performance of the group tested at 3 pm was significantly better than the group tested at 3 am. When submitted for peer review the paper was rejected because of serious design problems. Explain one problem with the design of this study and suggest ways of dealing with this problem.[ 4 marks)

  17. Possible answer ….. • Independent groups design – problem is participant variables, one group (e.g. the 3pm group) might just be better at maths, rather than it be due to time of day. • Deal with by using repeated measures design (same participants in both conditions); but would have to counter-balance and make sure that the two different maths tests were of equivalent standard.

  18. The fight or flight responses including the role of adrenaline Outline the role of adrenaline in the fight or flight response. ( 3 marks) SAM pathways ( acute stress) HPA pathway ( chronic stress)

  19. Sam pathway Body’s response to acute stress SAM

  20. Exam Tip Make sure you can label and explain this diagram HPA pathway Perception of stressor by higher brain centres Hypothalamus CRF Pituitary Gland Negative feedback ACTH Negative feedback shuts the system down ( Like central heating thermostat: when it gets warm enough your heating shuts off) Adrenal cortex CORT Cortisol causes stress effects in body

  21. Exam corner Can you… 1. Explain what is meant by flight or flight response ( 2 marks) 2. Outline the fight or flight response ( 6 marks) 3. Outline the role of adrenaline in the fight or flight response. ( 3 marks) 4. Apply your knowledge to a situation and explain why someone is experiencing specific physical symptoms such as face turning red, muscles tensing etc.

  22. Exam corner Can you explain what is meant by sensory , relay and motor neurons ( 2 marks) Explain the nature of synaptic transmission ( 6 marks) Explain what is meant by excitation and inhibition in synaptic transmission ( 4 marks ( 2+2). Explain the role of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters . ( 3 marks ) Outline the role of the CNS ( 4 marks) Identify two divisions of the ANS ( 2 marks) Identify two components of the CNS ( 2 marks) Outline the role of the SNS ( 4 marks) Outline the role of the ANS ( 4 marks) Outline the functions of the endocrine system (6 marks) Explain the relationship between endocrine glands and hormones ( 4 marks) Outline the role of one endocrine gland and one hormone that it produces ( 4 marks)

  23. Biopsychology • How did you do? • Are you on your target grade • Identify your strengths • Identify weaknesses • How to improve

  24. Essay plan for…… Discuss the fight or flight response to stress ( 16 marks) You all need x3 paragraphs of A03 Stretch and challenge : Higher Grades : Embedded with counter arguments

  25. Practice Diagrams

  26. Assessment

  27. HPA pathway assessment Perception of stressor by higher brain centres

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