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XML & Localis/zation

XML & Localis/zation. Peishan T. Bartley. XML and Languages. XML supports any defined character sets. With Unicode-8, an XML file can be multi-lingual. Multi-lingual attributes . Multi-lingual tests . What about the elements?. Localization (or Localisation).

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XML & Localis/zation

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  1. XML & Localis/zation Peishan T. Bartley

  2. XML and Languages • XML supports any defined character sets. • With Unicode-8, an XML file can be multi-lingual. • Multi-lingual attributes. • Multi-lingual tests. • What about the elements?

  3. Localization (or Localisation) • Internationalization: to develop software so it can run in different international environments without adapting or recompiling. • Localization: “to make local” – Merriam-Webster Abridged.

  4. Localization (or Localisation) • To localize = translation + reformatting + layout re-evaluation.

  5. Localization (or Localisation) • Examples: • Format • Date • MM/DD/YY vs. DD/MM/YY • Address • 51 Wu-Chuan 6th St. Taichung, Taiwan 403 • 403 台灣省台中市五權六街51號 • Colors • Don’t use red ink to write the name of a Chinese.

  6. XML and Localization • Localizable contents can be successfully handled by XSL or DTD. • XSL: transform the document according to location or language, example. • DTD – the power of attributes: • <language> • <span> - <span language=”en” translate=”no”> …</span> • <style> - <emphasis> <emphasize more>

  7. Challenges During the Localization Process • Software codes are placed in other people’s hands. • Software products may include multiple file formats. • Duplicate translation efforts means double costs.

  8. Challenges During the Localization Process • Alternative process: • Prepare the file by putting it in a container in which codes and translatable texts are separated.

  9. XLIFF • XLIFF: Born in 2001, XLIFF is the XML Localisation Interchange File Format.

  10. XML and Localization • Why XML-based? • Easy to develop, and low on cost. • Supports any defined character sets as long as they are properly declared. • Has features (attributes and such) that can be used to facilitate localization. • Can be output to target media, such as HTML or PDF. • Extensible.

  11. The Elements of XLIFF • Non-localization data – Skeleton file. • Localization data – Translation units. • Translation memory.

  12. XLIFF - Translation Units • <target> vs. <source> • and <alt-trans> • <trans-unit id=’1’> <source xml:lang=’en’>It’s such a nice day today!</source> <target xml:lang=’zh-TW’> 今天天氣實在 好!</target> <alt-trans> <target xml:lang=’zh-CN’>今天天气 实在好!</target> </alt-trans></trans-unit>

  13. XLIFF - Translation Units • What about the inline codes? • Tag it: • <bpt id="1">&lt;a href="http://www.simmons.edu/gslis/"&gt;</bpt>Simmons GSLIS<ept id="1">&lt;/a&gt;</ept>

  14. XLIFF - Translation Units • More elements: • Internal-file • External-file • … • And powerful attributes: • Phase • Count

  15. XLIFF - Translation Units • Example: <phase-group> <phase phase-name='trans' process-name='translation' tool=‘thisthing' contact-email=‘Mr_translator@goodtranslation.com' date='2002-10-01T23:32:23Z'/> <phase phase-name='edit' process-name='edit' tool=‘thatthing' contact-email=‘Ms_editor@prettyediting.com' date='2002-10-02T14:20:03Z'/> </phase-group>

  16. XLIFF - Translation Units • Another example: use attributes to record metadata. <trans-unit xml:space=’preserve’ id=’1001’ maxwidth=’15’ minwidth=’8’ size-unit=’char’> <source xml:lang=’en’> Title: </source> <target xml:lang=’zh-tw’> 書名: </source> </trans-unit>

  17. XLIFF • So how do you do it? • Code the files manually, write a program to do it, or use the tools available.

  18. XLIFF Tools • ENLASO Corp. Rainbow 4. http://xliff-tools.freedesktop.org/wiki/Resources • Java.net Open Language Tools. https://open-language-tools.dev.java.net/ • Heartsome Holdings Ltd. http://www.heartsome.net • XLIFF Tools. http://xliff-tools.freedesktop.org/

  19. Open Language Tools XLIFF Filter 1.2.4

  20. XLIFF Editor

  21. XML & Localis/zation • Questions? • One non-XLIFF related thing. Characters & codes.

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