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Chapter 3 The Transfer of Genetic Information

Chapter 3 The Transfer of Genetic Information. RNA. to. ---- From. DNA. 3.1 Overview 1. Procedures of Gene Expression (1) Gene expression. (2) Steps. ①. ②. ③. ④. 2. Coding Strand and Antisense Strand. (+). 5’------ATTGCCTGAATGGTCCC----3’ 5’------TAACGGACTTACCAGGG----3’

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Chapter 3 The Transfer of Genetic Information

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  1. Chapter 3 The Transfer of Genetic Information RNA to ---- From DNA

  2. 3.1 Overview 1. Procedures of Gene Expression (1) Gene expression (2) Steps

  3. ① ② ③ ④

  4. 2. Coding Strand and Antisense Strand (+) 5’------ATTGCCTGAATGGTCCC----3’ 5’------TAACGGACTTACCAGGG----3’ 5’------AUUGCCUGAAUGGUCCC----3’ 5’------UAACGGACUUACCAGGG----3’ coding strand, non-template strand, sense strand, plus strand…… (─) template strand, antisense strand, minus strand…… sense RNA antisense RNA

  5. 3. Steps are required for the transcription: (1)Initiation (2)Elongation (3)Termination

  6. 4. Main Components for Transcription substrate template  RNA polymerase 5’ → 3’

  7.      Core enzyme(α2ββ ω) holoenzyme(α2ββ ω)  RNA pol in prokaryotes

  8.  RNA polymerases in Eukaryotes

  9. 3.2 Transcription in Prokaryotes 1. DNA Elements for Initiation of Transcription in Prokaryotes (1) Promoter (2) Structure of Promoter -35 region, -10 region, INR (Inr)

  10. 2. Initiation of Transcription in Prokaryotes 3. Elongation and Termination of Transcription in Prokaryotes

  11. ρ-independent termination (strong) ρ-dependent termination (weak)

  12. 3.3 Transcription in Eukaryotes 1. DNA Elements for Initiation of Transcription in Eukaryotes  Cis-acting elements TATA box, UPE, UAS…..  Trans-acting factor TFs

  13. 2. Initiation of Transcription in Eukaryotes

  14. PIC of RNA pol II transcription upstream control element (UCE).  upstream binding factors (UBF)

  15. PIC of RNA pol I transcription upstream control element (UCE).  upstream binding factors (UBF)

  16. PIC of RNA pol III transcription TFIIB-related factor, BRF

  17. PIC of 5S rRNA transcription

  18. Animation

  19. 3.4 RNA Processing 1. Coding RNA and Non-coding RNA  Coding RNA - mRNA  Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) - any RNA that is not translated into a protein.

  20. 2. Types of RNA Processing  End modification  Splicing  Cutting events  Chemical modification

  21. 3. End-modification of pre-mRNA  5’-cap  3’-Poly(A) : Polyadenylate polymerase

  22. 4. RNA Splicing pre-mRNA splicing  tRNA-splicing  Group I intron splicing  Group II intron splicing

  23. pre-mRNA The mechanism of pre-mRNA splicing

  24. snRNPs spliceosome

  25. U1snRNPs is released. U4snRNPs is released. Two transesterification reactions

  26. Animation

  27. tRNA splicing

  28. Group I intron splicing

  29. Group II intron splicing

  30. Alternative Splicing

  31. Cis Splicing Trans Splicing

  32. 5. RNA Editing mRNA Editing of Human Apolipoprotein - B

  33. 3.5 Reverse transcription

  34. Sidney Altman Thomas Cech 3.6 Ribozymes What is a Ribozyme? 1989 Nobel PrizeIn Chemistry

  35. Mechanism of Ribozyme

  36. Types of Ribozyme - the hammerhead ribozyme (plant virus) - the hairpin ribozyme (plan virus) - hepatitis delta ribozyme (human virus) - group I and group II intron ribozyme - RNAse P (tRNA maturation)

  37. Natural ribozymes: Peptidyl transferase 23S rRNA RNase P Group I and Group II introns Leadzyme Hairpin ribozyme Hammerhead ribozyme HDV ribozyme Mammalian CPEB3 ribozyme VS ribozyme glmS ribozyme CoTC ribozyme

  38. RNA World Hypothesis What is the origin of life? DNA? RNA?

  39. Summary 1. Regulatory elements of prokaryotes and eukaryotes for RNA transcription 2. RNA polymerase of prokaryotes and eukaryotes 3. Procedures of RNA transcription 4. mRNA structure of prokaryotes and eukaryotes 5. Types of RNA processing 6. Types of RNA splicing and their mechanisms 7. RNA editing mechanism 8. Mechanism of reverse transcription 9. Ribozyme and silencing mechanism

  40. Thank You Very Much

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