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Mexican Renaissance

Mexican Renaissance. Muralist Movement. Overview. Constitution of 1917 Educational Reforms Los Tres Grandes Frida Kahlo. What were the important post-revolutionary education reforms?. Before the Revolution education was generally meant for the elite

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Mexican Renaissance

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  1. Mexican Renaissance Muralist Movement

  2. Overview • Constitution of 1917 • Educational Reforms • Los TresGrandes • Frida Kahlo

  3. What were the important post-revolutionary education reforms? • Before the Revolution education was generally meant for the elite • Schools were run by the Catholic Church • Literacy rate about 20%

  4. After the Revolution • Many leaders believed that Mexico could not move forward economically, politically, or culturally, without some improvements in education.

  5. How did the Constitution of 1917 change education? • Article 3: Secular and obligatory education • Free and secular education • Four years of elementary school for children 6-15

  6. Jose Vasconcelos • Appointed by Obregon to be head of Secretariat of Public Education(1921-24) • Built new schools especially rural ones • Built libraries • Published guides for teachers and students • Promoted Mexican identity

  7. Who were “Los TresGrandes”? • Diego Rivera • David Alfaro Siqueiros • Jose Clemente Orozco

  8. Diego Rivera • 1886-1957 • Studied in Europe • Influenced by Renaissance frescoes • Believed large scale public art • Dedicated Marxist • Internationalist • Outsized figure

  9. Rivera’s Themes • Mexicans hard at work • Natural glories of Mexico • The Revolution

  10. David Alfaro Siqueiros • 1896-1974 • Soldier during the Revolution • Committed communist • 1919 went to Paris to study and was influenced by the avant- garde • Often jailed and exiled

  11. Themes and Techniques • Mexican Revolution as inspiration • Conflict between fascists and democratic people • Broke away from traditional frescoes • Used spray guns to apply industrial paints • Projectors to display images • Used cameras for planning

  12. Jose Clemente Orozco • 1883-1949 • Began as a political cartoonist • Encouraged by teachers to have pride in Mexican culture instead of looking to Europe • Critical of leaders who grew wealthy from the Revolution

  13. Themes • History of Mexico • Contradictions

  14. Frida Kahlo • 1907-1954 • Suffered from polio and injuries in street car accident • Married-divorced-and married Diego Rivera

  15. Themes • Intensely personal • Represents the opportunity of women after the Revolution • Expressive in ways not allowed by women before the Revolution

  16. Making Revolutionary Art •  The reforms in education brought on by the revolution had a large influence on the arts. • The arts were seen as a way to both educate the Mexican people and to develop a new Mexican nationalism. • Make a collage or mosaic that illustrates the contributions of a person or an event in Mexican history from the period of the Mexican Revolution. (10 Formative points) • Accompanying your artwork will be a written description of your collage or mosaic. Be sure to include; what are you illustrating, why it is important to the development of nationalism and explain any symbols that you use. (10 formative points)

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