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Neo-Babylon/ Chaldean

Neo-Babylon/ Chaldean. Mesopotamia Map. General Information. City-State in Ancient Mesopotamia Between the Euphrates and Tigris Present day Iraq 626 BCE to 539 BCE. General Information Cont. Neo-Babylonian Era was called Chaldean Followed Assyrian Empire Persian Empire followed it

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Neo-Babylon/ Chaldean

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  1. Neo-Babylon/ Chaldean

  2. Mesopotamia Map

  3. General Information • City-State in Ancient Mesopotamia • Between the Euphrates and Tigris • Present day Iraq • 626 BCE to 539 BCE

  4. General Information Cont. • Neo-Babylonian Era was called Chaldean • Followed Assyrian Empire • Persian Empire followed it • “Holy City” • From Babilu – “gateway of the gods”

  5. Babylon’s Rulers

  6. Nabopolassar • Overthrew Assyrian Empire • First King of Babylon

  7. Nebuchadnezzar II • Etemenaki Ziggurat • Ishtar Gate • Hanging Gardens • Wife Amyitis

  8. Advancements • Many old temples were rebuilt- 50 • Babylon was restored • New buildings created- • Ishtar Gate • Hanging Gardens

  9. Advancements • Turned into one of the world’s greatest cities • One of the “Seven Wonders of the Ancient World” created

  10. Advancements • Double walls • Moats • Great Ziggurat

  11. Social Institutions • Family- • Patriarchal society • Men were more powerful than women • Education- • Established formal schools • Mainly taught reading and writing

  12. Social Institutions Cont. • Economic systems- • Were the first to have an economic system • Government- • Had 6 kings • Had complete control

  13. Social Institutions Cont. • Religion- • Believed in many gods • Polytheists • Many references were made in the bible

  14. Human Environmental Interactions • Modify- • They built plows to soften the land on which they grew plants • Depend- • Most food was grown in the Fertile Crescent

  15. Human Environmental Interactions Cont. • Adapt- • Some land was dry, caused the creation of irrigation

  16. Impact of Ideas • Influenced Homer and Hesiod- famous Greek poets • Geometry • Astronomy • Heraldry • Babylonian Talmud

  17. Cooperation and Conflict • Invasions by the Aramaeans • Settled down • Aramaic language replaced Babylonian

  18. Babylon’s Exile • King Nebuchadnezzar- Temple of the Lord • King Jehoiachin exiled Babylon • Evilmerodach put in prison

  19. The Fall of Babylon • Belshazzar’s drunken feast • Conquered by Cyrus (a general of Darius ) • 100 years earlier Gods had stated their downfall

  20. Cultural Development • Astronomy & astrology • Created zodiac • “the entire universe was created in relation to the Earth”

  21. Cultural Developments Cont. • Sexagesimal number system. (60) • 60 seconds in a minute, 60 minutes in an hour • Pythagorean theorem

  22. Economics & History • Agriculture • Foreign trade, exported items • Imported items they didn’t have • Sumerians had influence on Babylon’s irrigation & agriculture

  23. Economics and History Cont. • Palaces and temples - economic institutions. • Things paid in silver • Goods varied in price based on the need and supply

  24. Law and Justice • Shamash • Witness Oaths • Punishments • “lex talionis”

  25. Mesopotamia Greek for land between the rivers Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Northern= rich, fertile plains Southern Mesopotamia= marshy and barren plains.

  26. Old-Babylon first dynasty of the Babylonians first code of laws came into play king set up a burracuecy, taxation, and centralized government

  27. Neo-Babylon The last strong Assyrian ruler died Babylonians rebelled by 612 B.C. they regained control of the empire

  28. Religion a form of polytheism Believed each god had specific role Each city in the Babylonian empire worship a certain god They were worship at the cities ziggurat

  29. Nabopolassar King of Babylon From 626- 604 BCE With the help of the king of Medes he conquered Assyria Father of King Nebuchadnezzar II

  30. Nebuchadnezzar Son of Nabopolassar Stormed leftover Assyrian forces in Egypt Captured the Israelites and held them in Babylon Built the Hanging Gardens, Gates and tower of Babylon

  31. Capture of the Jews Jehoikim threatened Babylon Nebuchadnezzar attacks Judah Deports all Jews to Babylon

  32. The Creation of Judaism Had a lot of extra time while in Babylon Jewish Rabbis could write down and bless their writings These essays became parts of the Torah and the Bible’s Old Testament

  33. Babylonian Achievements The Tower of Babel. Man made it for himself not God. God saw and gave many different languages to stop them. They stopped building it.

  34. Babylonian Achievements cont. The wall of Babylon. Two walls 25 ft. thick and 150 ft. tall. 250 towers 450 ft. tall.

  35. Changing Ideas The Babylonian citizens were liberal and accepted the Jewish religion. Many even believed in the Jews religion.

  36. Impact of Ideas Babylonians had their own gods but also accepted the Jewish god. Many learned to read and write so they quickly learned religion

  37. Development of Culture Polytheists Cuneiform Used ideas from Hammurabi’s code Monarchy Kings, nobles, free citizens, then slaves for social Hierarchy Developed Intricate calendar Geometry and Algebra

  38. Interactions with other Civilizations Nabopolassar conquered what was left of the Assyrians Nebuchadnezzar captured the Jews They partially accepted the Jews culture

  39. Fall of Babylon In 539 BC Cyrus the Great of Persia conquered Babylon In 331 BC, Alexander the Great conquered Mesopotamia and brought forth Greek rule there They built new cities and Babylon among other old cities became insignificant

  40. Impact of Babylon today Today Babylon is a place for tourism The Hanging Gardens of Babylon are one of the ancient 7 wonders of the world

  41. The Neo-Babylonian Empire • 626-539 BCE • Started with the revolt of Nabopolassar • Attacked the Assyrians • First king of this Empire • Fell to Cyrus the Great • Ruler of Persia

  42. Location! • Then: • City-state of ancient Mesopotamia • Now: • Present-day Al Hillah, Babil Province, Iraq • “The Middle East”

  43. Location! Lies between Tigris and Euphrates in the Fertile Crescent

  44. Continuity and Change Ashurbanipal • Gained Independence from Assyrian rule • Rebelled under Nabopolassar when Ashurbanipal died • This was the start to the Neo-Babylonian Empire • Brought change for Babylonians

  45. Cultural Development • Writing and Literature • Oldest written texts were in simple pictograms • Legal, administrative, and epistolary (letters)

  46. Cultural Development A list of eclipses between 518 and 465 BCE • Astronomy • Precise astronomical observations • Created 12-month calendar • Kept records of eclipses

  47. Individuals in History • Nabopolassar • Led Babylonia in revolt against Assyrians • Began the Neo-Babylon Era • Nebuchadnezzar II • Ruler of Babylon • Constructed Hanging Gardens • Conquered Judah and Jerusalem

  48. Individuals in History • Nabonidus • Last king of Babylon • Created religious differences in Babylon • Persians conquered Babylon

  49. Economics and History • High taxes/tributes for buildings and armies • Hanging Gardens • Documented • Original “Seven Wonders of the World”

  50. Technology and History • Canal System • Made land more fertile • Increased trade • Kept clay tablets to record astronomical observations

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