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The Nile River Valley (Ancient Egypt)

The Nile River Valley (Ancient Egypt). Geography of the Nile. Fertile soil surrounds the Nile Predictable flooding Nile Delta Protected from the outside Cataracts Deserts on both sides. Religion. Polytheistic Belief in many gods Sun gods Atum – human form

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The Nile River Valley (Ancient Egypt)

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  1. The Nile River Valley(Ancient Egypt)

  2. Geography of the Nile • Fertile soil surrounds the Nile • Predictable flooding • Nile Delta • Protected from the outside • Cataracts • Deserts on both sides

  3. Religion • Polytheistic • Belief in many gods • Sun gods • Atum – human form • Ra – human body, head of falcon • River and land gods • Osiris – resurrection, new life through the Nile • Isis

  4. Major Egyptian Gods Ra Osiris Atum Isis

  5. The Old Kingdom • @ 3100 B.C. – King Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt (beginning of Egyptian dynasties) • @ 2700 – 2200 B.C. • Pharaohs • Absolute power, seen as a god on earth • Created strong bureaucracy • Pyramids • Mummification • Great Pyramid (Khufu @ 2540 B.C.)

  6. Middle Kingdom • @ 2050 – 1652 B.C. • Expanded territories under Amenemhat I • Lower Nubia • Palestine and Syria • Pharaohs take more public role • Ended by the invasion of the Hyksos (Asia) • Horse-drawn chariots • Bronze weapons (stronger than iron)

  7. New Kingdom • @ 1567 – 1085 B.C. • Queen Hatshepsut (first female leader) • Thutmose III – invaded Syria, Palestine, Libya • Amenhotep IV • Monotheistic worship of Atum (sun disk) • Destroyed old gods • Tutankhamen restored old gods • Rameses tried to expand again (1279 – 1213 B.C.)

  8. Society and Daily Life • Pyramid Class Structure • Pharaoh owned all the land • Upper class of merchants and artisans • Family Life • Male-dominated but women had more equal rights than Mesopotamia

  9. Writing and Education • @ 3000 B.C. Egyptian priests develop hieroglyphics • Created to record religious rituals • Papyrus (paper) • Scribes

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