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Small-scale District Heating based on Biomass

Small-scale District Heating based on Biomass. Joakim Lundgren Division of Energy Engineering Luleå University of Technology. Background. Nuclear power phase out A large amount of electricity is today used for heating purposes Important to reduce the electricity demand

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Small-scale District Heating based on Biomass

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  1. Small-scale District Heating based on Biomass Joakim Lundgren Division of Energy Engineering Luleå University of Technology

  2. Background • Nuclear power phase out • A large amount of electricity is today used for heating purposes • Important to reduce the electricity demand • One measure is to convert to district heating – an activity in progress

  3. Background • Biomass based district heating for larger communities is well established in Sweden • Increasing taxes on fuel oil and distribution network developments have made DH interesting also for smaller communities • Space for at least 10 GW new installed thermal power in small biomass fired DH networks

  4. Problems • Studies show that boilers (0.5-10 MW) emits large amounts of hazardous products (CO, THC, PAH, VOC) during low and varying heat loads • Economy

  5. EU project 1998-2001 • Develop a boiler concept suitable for small DH systems • Broad thermal output span (10-100%) • High fuel moisture content • Manage heat load fluctuations • Low emissions of harmful products in the complete thermal output span

  6. Applications • Public buildings • Small industries and shopping centers • Small DH networks in villages …in purpose to change from fossil fuels in existing boilers or to convert from electricity

  7. Fuel containers Fuel store Furnace Module 1 Module 2 Cyclones Boiler To DH network Chimney Heat store Layout of the research plant

  8. Primary combustion chamber Gases to the sec. zone Fuel feeding • Partitioned combustion chamber • Drying zone

  9. Secondary zone To the boiler • High gas temperatures • Good mixing with combustible gases and secondary air • Designed by using CFD

  10. Experimental results

  11. Conclusions • Very low emissions of hazardous products • Can manage fuel moisture contents up to 58% • Can handle heat load variations with kept low emissions • Great potential. 10 GW means approximately 2000 new boilers

  12. New projects • Replacing an oil fired boiler in a school building (Demonstration unit) • BIO-SOL. Biomass based DH in combination with solar energy • Combustion of horse manure

  13. BIO-SOLConventional system

  14. BIO-SOL Problem • Large heat losses during summer time, calculated as percentage of the generated heat Our idea • Let the customers produce their own heat during summer

  15. Distributed solar collectors and heat stores

  16. Combustion of horse manure • Large costs for depositing waste materials, up to €100 per ton • One horse produces 10 tonnes per year • 300 000 horses in Sweden, resulting in a total amount of 3 million tonnes annually • Year 2005, there will be a prohibition for depositing organic materials

  17. Combustion of horse manure • Very large economical benefits for stable- and trotting course owners • Decreasing the demand for fuel oil and electricity • The only condition is that the combustion process must be environmentally friendly

  18. Experimental results

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