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Understanding Genetics and Inheritance Principles

Learn about Mendel's principles, genotype, phenotype, and more in genetics. Understand the basics of dominance and heredity through interactive examples and explanations. Explore various genetic concepts and their real-world applications.

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Understanding Genetics and Inheritance Principles

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  1. Types of Dominance Mendel’s Principles Genotype and Phenotype Genes and Chromosomes Misc.

  2. What is genetics?

  3. ANSWER: The study of heredity

  4. What is the percent chance that a heterozygous organism will make a gamete containing the dominant allele?

  5. ANSWER: 50%

  6. What is the name of the diagram that shows all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross?

  7. ANSWER: Punnett Square

  8. What states that allele pairs separate independently during the formation of gametes?

  9. ANSWER: The principle of independent assortment

  10. What is a phenotype?

  11. ANSWER: The way an organism looks

  12. What is a genotype?

  13. ANSWER: The organism’s genetic makeup

  14. What is a heterozygote?

  15. ANSWER: An organism that has two different alleles for the same trait

  16. In horses, chestnut and white coat colors are co-dominant. Heterozygous horses have a both colored hairs, which results in a golden tan color. Such heterozygous horses are known as palominos (like Mr. Ed). What colored horses would be the predicted results of a cross between a chestnut and palomino horse? (give answer in %)

  17. ANSWER: 50% Chestnut 50% Palomino

  18. S= yellow bodys= blue bodyT= round bodyt= square BodyHow would an individual who was SStt look?

  19. ANSWER: Yellow and square body

  20. In “complete dominance” which allele is masked?

  21. ANSWER: The recessive one

  22. What is incomplete dominance?

  23. ANSWER: Heterozygote exhibits a phenotype which is intermediate between the dominant and recessive.

  24. Neither allele is dominant over the other, when an organism is heterozygous it exhibits both characteristics, what is this called?

  25. ANSWER: Co dominance

  26. What are multiple alleles?

  27. ANSWER: More than two alleles for the same gene.

  28. What is polygenic inheritance?

  29. ANSWER: When two or more genes affect a single trait.

  30. What assorts independently?

  31. ANSWER: chromosomes

  32. Some genes tend to be inherited together, what is the name for this type of inheritance?

  33. ANSWER: Genetic linkage

  34. Genes are more likely to stay together on the same chromosome and NOT separate during crossing over if they are closer together or further apart?

  35. ANSWER: Closer together

  36. DAILY DOUBLE

  37. What does the principle of segregation state?

  38. ANSWER: For any particular trait, the pair of alleles of each parent separate and only one allele passes from each parent on to an offspring

  39. Where are most human sex linked genes found?

  40. ANSWER: The X chromosome

  41. Why are most sex linked disorders more common in males?

  42. ANSWER: A male only needs to inherit one sex linked recessive, he only has one X chromosome. A female needs to inherit two.

  43. What is a dihybrid cross?

  44. ANSWER: The crossing of organisms differing in two characteristics

  45. If you cross a Bb individual with a bb individual what would be the predicted ratio of their offspring?

  46. ANSWER: 50% Bb 50% bb

  47. What was the most important concept that Gregor Mendel came up with after working with the pea plants?

  48. ANSWER: Mendel discovered that traits are passed down to offspring as individual units, without any blending of parent characteristics

  49. What occurs during meiosis that allows genes located on the same chromosome to assort independently?

  50. ANSWER: Crossing over

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