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Canola Survival & Variety Selection

Mike Stamm Associate Agronomist / Canola Breeder Department of Agronomy Kansas State University 785-532-3871 mjstamm@ksu.edu Follow @ksucanola on Twitter Follow @KStateAgron on Twitter. Canola Survival & Variety Selection. Winter Survival. Low Temperatures October – March Manhattan, KS.

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Canola Survival & Variety Selection

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  1. Mike Stamm Associate Agronomist / Canola Breeder Department of Agronomy Kansas State University 785-532-3871 mjstamm@ksu.edu Follow @ksucanola on Twitter Follow @KStateAgron on Twitter Canola Survival& Variety Selection

  2. Winter Survival

  3. Low TemperaturesOctober – MarchManhattan, KS

  4. Select a winter hardy, proven variety Prepare land/residue to allow for vigorous, uniform plant emergence Seed at the optimum planting window Early in the planting window for no-tillage Consider planting early if soil moisture is available Appropriate seeding rate 3.5 to 5 lb/acre for most OPs (15” or less row spacing) 220,000 to 285,000 pure live seeds per acre for hybrids Management & Survival

  5. The amount of top growth will depend on planting date and fall environmental conditions For maximum survival, expect: 6 to 8 true leaves 6 to 12 inches of top growth ¼ to ½ inch root diameter Extensive root system Top Growth

  6. Winter acclimation period Several days at or near freezing (<35° F) Slow, longer duration hardening periods increase freezing tolerance Some harder freezes to slow growth (~26° F) Changes to the plant structure caused by gene expression Smaller cells with a higher concentrations of soluble substances (produced and degraded proteins) Leaf and stem thickening Decreased leaf water content Canola can un-harden ~60° F for 1-2 weeks with warm nights As long as no stem elongation occurs and cold weather is slow to return, canola will harden again Winter Hardening

  7. Tolerance to these factors decreases as resources necessary for survival are depleted Sub-freezing temperatures Dry soils Ice encasement Fungal diseases and pests Wind desiccation Soil heaving Winter Stand Loss

  8. What does winterkill look like? Dead Alive

  9. Cultivar’s ability to survive the winter depends on Level of freezing tolerance it can achieve Ability to “winter harden” Interaction with the environment Winter Survival

  10. Rate by Row Spacing • Typical stand should be in the area of 5-12 plants per foot of row • Reduce seeding rate (plants/acre) as row width increases

  11. Grain Yield and Stand

  12. Bolting • Growth resumes in late winter/early spring (Feb/Mar) when average temperatures are steadily 40°F or greater • Day length increases • Flower bud clusters become visible at the center of the rosette • Canola will green up slower than wheat

  13. Select an open pollinated (OP) variety or hybrid that fits your management style and the needs of your farm Traits to consider: winter survival yield oil content and quality maturity lodging and shatter tolerance herbicide resistance and/or carryover tolerance disease resistance Cultivar Selection

  14. 100,000 to 125,000 seeds/lb (sometimes greater) Cost of seed Conventional $150/unit $3.00/lb $15/acre at a 5 lb/acre seeding rate Roundup Ready $275 to $290 per unit $5.50/lb to $5.80/lb $27.50 to $29.00/acre at a 5 lb/acre seeding rate Open Pollinated Cultivars

  15. Increased yield potential (hybrid vigor) Increased pods per area Increased pod number Planting date is very important for hybrids Large seed size increases vigor Balance planting date with vigor Yield advantage should be large enough to justify increased cost of production Hybrid Canola

  16. Hybrid Canola • 65,000 to 90,000 seeds/lb • Base seeding rate on pure live seeds (pls) per acre • Approximate cost example • $15.00 per 100,000 pls • 220,000 to 285,000 pls per acre • $33 to $43 per acre

  17. Herbicide Resistant Cultivars

  18. Conventional Hybrids

  19. Regionally Developed

  20. Kansas variety trials (lb/a) Stamm, M. and S. Dooley. 2011. 2010 National Winter Canola Variety Trial. SRP1044. Stamm, M. and S. Dooley. 2012. 2011 National Winter Canola Variety Trial. SRP1062. Stamm, M. and S. Dooley. 2013. 2012 National Winter Canola Variety Trial. SRP1080. Stamm, M. and S. Dooley. 2013. 2013 Kansas Performance Tests with Winter Wheat Varieties. SRP1090.

  21. Belleville, KS - NCEF 2013 LSD (0.05) = 384 Planted: 9/6/12 Swathed: 6/26/13 Harvested: 7/2/13 *Roundup Ready, **Open pollinated

  22. Thanks for attending! Thanks for attending! Mike Stamm Associate Agronomist / Canola Breeder Department of Agronomy Kansas State University 785-532-3871 mjstamm@ksu.edu Follow @ksucanola on Twitter Follow @KStateAgron on Twitter

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