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CHM1C3 Introduction to Chemical Reactivity of Organic Compounds Prof Jon A Preece

CHM1C3 Introduction to Chemical Reactivity of Organic Compounds Prof Jon A Preece j.a.preece@bham.ac.uk www.nanochem.bham.ac.uk Teaching Resources Username: Undergradchem Password: Preece57nano. www.nanochem.bham.ac.uk. Teaching Resources. Username: Undergradchem.

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CHM1C3 Introduction to Chemical Reactivity of Organic Compounds Prof Jon A Preece

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  1. CHM1C3 Introduction to Chemical Reactivity of Organic Compounds Prof Jon A Preece j.a.preece@bham.ac.uk www.nanochem.bham.ac.uk Teaching Resources Username: Undergradchem Password: Preece57nano

  2. www.nanochem.bham.ac.uk Teaching Resources Username: Undergradchem Password: Preece57nano Prof Preece’s Powerpoint Lecture Presentations and answers to questions can be found at… Queries on course after reading around the subject to j.a.preece@bham.ac.uk. Be Specific with the problem(s) in your email. Give me three times when you are free to see me. I will email you back with a time to see me.

  3. Content of Course Part 1. Resonance and Inductive Effects Part 2. Organic Acids and Bases Part 3. Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions at sp3 Carbon Centres Part 4. Elimination Reactions Part 5. Hybridisation

  4. Part 0 CHM1C3 Some Organic Chemistry Tools Prof Preece Office 301 E: j.a.preece@bham.ac.uk Line formulae Lone pair electrons Bonding pair electrons Curly arrows

  5. Revision: Line Formula Primary Carbons Secondary Carbons Tertiary Carbons Quartenary Carbons Methyl group Methylene group Methyne group

  6. Revision: The Line and Electrons two centre two electron bond

  7. Revision: Lone Pair of Electrons Lone Pair Line Formulae Lewis Formulae Pairs of bonding electrons in two centre two electron bonds Tetrahedral structure sp3 hybridised nitrogene 3D Formulae

  8. Electrons and Charges Across The Periodic Table Group 3 (B 2s2 2p1) Group 5 (N 2s2 2p3) Group 6 (O 2s2 2p4) Group 7 (F 2s2 2p5) Group 4 (C 2s2 2p2)

  9. How We Represent Structures in Reaction Mechanisms Group 3 (B 2s2 2p1) Group 4 (C 2s2 2p2) Group 5 (N 2s2 2p3) Group 6 (O 2s2 2p4) Group 7 (F 2s2 2p5) -ve charge = not a lone pair of electrons -ve charge = a lone pair of electrons

  10. Reaction Mechanisms And Curly Arrows

  11. VERY IMPORTANT: Curly-arrow starts at bonding pair of electrons Lone pairs acting as nucleophiles VERY IMPORTANT: Curly-arrow starts at lone pair of electrons (the –ve Charge) An substitution reaction Lone pair attacks non-proton atom VERY IMPORTANT: Curly-arrows always starts at bonding or non-bonding pair of electrons

  12. Lone pairs actingasbases VERY IMPORTANT: Curly-arrow starts at lone pair of electrons VERY IMPORTANT: Curly-arrow starts at bonding pair of electrons An Elimination reaction H+ and Cl- have been eliminated from EtCl VERY IMPORTANT: Curly-arrows always starts at bonding or non-bonding pair of electrons

  13. An Electrophile An empty 1s-orbital Lone pairs acting as bases VERY IMPORTANT: Curly-arrow starts at lone pair of electrons two centre two electron bond Lone pair An acid-base reaction Lone pair attacks a proton VERY IMPORTANT: Curly-arrows always starts at lone pair of electrons

  14. VERY IMPORTANT: Curly-arrow starts at lone pair of electrons An Electrophile An empty 2p-orbital Lone pairs acting as nucleophiles B An addition reaction Lone pair attacks a non-proton atom Lewis acid Octet of electrons around sp3 B centre Sextet of electrons around sp2 B centre VERY IMPORTANT: Curly-arrows always starts at lone pair of electrons

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