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Atomic PNC: important landmarks. 1959 Ya. B. Zel’dovich: PNC (Neutr. Current) Pol. Rotation in atoms 1974 M.-A. & C. Bouchiat Z 3 enhancement PNC observable in heavy atoms 1978 Novosibirsk, discovery of PNC in PR( Bi ) Berkeley observation of PNC in Stark-interf.( Tl )
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Atomic PNC: important landmarks • 1959Ya. B. Zel’dovich: • PNC (Neutr. Current) Pol. Rotation in atoms • 1974M.-A. & C. Bouchiat • Z3 enhancement PNC observable in heavy atoms • 1978Novosibirsk, discovery of PNC in PR(Bi) Berkeley observation of PNC in Stark-interf.(Tl) • …1995Boulder, Oxford, Seattle • PNC measured to 1-2% in Cs, Tl, Bi, Pb • 1997Boulder • 0.35% measurement, discovery of anapole moment Prof. Yakov B. Zel’dovich From eV to GeV
Optical Rotation Linear Polarization Medium Circular Components From eV to GeV
Marie-Anne and Claude Bouchiat From eV to GeV
Oleg P. Sushkov and Victor V. Flambaum From eV to GeV
Atomic PNC: polarization rotation PNC E1 M1 M1-E1PNC interference From eV to GeV
PNC+EDC E1 M1 E1Stark -E1PNC interference From eV to GeV
The Boulder Cs PNC Experiment 1982-1999 • P-odd, T-even correlation: • [E B] • 5 reversals to distinguish PNC from systematics From eV to GeV
Anapole Moments Ya . B. Zel’dovich, V. G. Vaks • 1959 AM first introduced V.V. Flambaum, I.B. Khriplovich & • 1980 - 84 O.P. Sushkov Prof. Iosif B. Khriplovich Nuclear AM detectable in atoms PNC within nucleus! From eV to GeV