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Demographic Trends in Developed vs. Developing Countries

Demographic Trends in Developed vs. Developing Countries. Fertility Trends Disparity in Population Trends (Overpopulation, Under-population) Population Policies. Global Population T rends – Developed vs. Developing Countries. Key Terms:. Fertility— actual reproduction

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Demographic Trends in Developed vs. Developing Countries

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  1. Demographic Trends in Developed vs. Developing Countries Fertility Trends Disparity in Population Trends (Overpopulation, Under-population) Population Policies

  2. Global Population Trends – Developed vs. Developing Countries

  3. Key Terms: • Fertility—actual reproduction • Fertility rates - are the actual number of children had by a women

  4. Trends:

  5. Key Term: Population Replacement Rate • # of births needed to maintain a stable population • World replacement level = 2.1 • Canada’s current fertility rate = approx. 1.5 • http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/91-003-x/2007001/4129903-eng.htm

  6. Developed Countries –

  7. Developed World/Industrialized Countries— • Ex: North America, Europe, Japan, New Zealand, Australia • Falling birth rates in these countries is problematic b/c there are fewer people working to pay for the increasing pension and health care needs of the aging populations

  8. Canada – Ageing Population THE AGING BOOMERS - MEDIAN AGE- CANADA (1901-2011)

  9. Trends in Developed Nations • Decline in population • Countries are using immigration and fertility to replace its citizens • Germany, Italy and Sweden—deaths higher than births • In Canada only the Northwest Territories and Nunavut show birth rates above replacement level (# of births required to maintain a stable population)

  10. Population Trends in Developed Countries – Canada, Italy, UK, US How does fertility affect society today? • Used to believe that Increase in birthrate can result in overpopulations, starvation, drainage of water/food supplies and other resources • These days: birth rates are falling, population aging, resources still running out

  11. TREND/CAUSE: • Medical advances and drug treatments, coupled with the large population of baby boomers coming of age, have resulted in a current population of people who are much older in comparison to previous generations.

  12. CONSEQUENCES: • Increased health care costs • Drug costs, disease treatments, and therapy will cause strains on health care system • Labour shortages will leave the workforce in need – lower tax base to pay for health care services • Younger workforce will have to make higher contributions to the Canada Pension Plan (CPP) • Many will experience a decline in health and quality of living – sickness and diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s make it difficult for many senior citizens to carry on independent lives • Many baby boomers will need to receive care from their children or be forced to be placed in nursing homes

  13. Key Term:Dependency Load • Portion of the population that is not employed • 0-14 years old & 65 and over • Taxes help pay for D.L.

  14. Key Term:Dependency Ratio • Ratio between D.L. & the working population • Ex. 1961 Peek of Baby Boom: • 87 dependents per 100 people of working age

  15. Comparison:Dependency Ratio in Canada today:

  16. Generation Boomerang Doc • The new category of Dependency Load - Ages 0-30 and 80+ ? • Social scientists say we’d better get used to the idea of young adults continuing to live in their childhood bedrooms, because this global phenomenon is the “new normal”.  In Italy — where 70% of young adults live casa mama — they’re called “Bamboccioni” – or big babies.   In the UK, where one in three parents are remortgaging their homes to support adult kids, they’re called “Yuckies” — Young, Unwitting, Costly Kids.   In North America we’ve christened them “Boomerangs” for their tendency to keep coming home (if they ever left in the first place!) • http://www.cbc.ca/doczone/episode/generation-boomerang.html

  17. Developing/Less Developed Countries

  18. Developing Countries— • All other countries—non-industrialized, less wealthy, countries in transition • Half the population is under the age of 15 (dependency load) • Contraceptives becoming more widely available—leading to people having less kids even in the developing world which right now controls 95% of the worlds population growth • India – Population Policy Case Studies: • http://countrystudies.us/india/34.htm • http://www.colby.edu/personal/t/thtieten/Famplan.htm • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4uxOU4PXtno

  19. Developing/Less Developed Country - India – Case Study Cause: Consequence: Forced Sterilization – especially of poor populations Death, disease Lack of Human Rights Loss/lack of Resources • Government Policy • Overpopulation • 1 billion people in 1999 • current population in 2012 = 1.2 billion people • India represents almost 17.31% of the world's population, which means one out of six people on this planet live in India • Second only to China (1.33 billion)

  20. One Child Population Policy – China Case Study • Watch documentary – China’s Lost Girls • Examines the consequences of China’s two-decade-old, one-child policy, as it is commonly called. To curb the country’s exploding population, China limits most families to one child, or in certain circumstances, two children. Due to cultural, social and economic factors, traditional preference leans toward boys, so girls are often hidden, aborted or abandoned. • Answer the questions on your handout while viewing

  21. Government Intervention in Fertility • Governments can pursue policies to increase populations as well as decrease populations • Russia—politicians are worried about low birth rate---debating whether to ban abortions and impose a childlessness tax as ways to increase population • China– imposed a one-couple, one-child policy –attempt to reduce population growth • Canada– (Quebec) ---launched a program in 1988 to encourage children—provided a cash bonus to couples for each child born (more children= more money= more incentive)

  22. Canada - Government funded family planning programs to decrease teen pregnancy • Sex education • Public health departments • Easier access to contraceptive • Bangladesh – educated and delivered contraceptive to women • Family planning programs need to be delivered carefully – Central and South America – push for lower fertility created very high rates of illegal abortions – horrendous health consequences

  23. Government Intervention in Fertility “It is about time we should think about _____________ tax. If you do not want to think about your social duty for your fatherland than you will have to pay for it,” - Gerasimenko

  24. Russian State HealthCommittee “It is about time we should think about childlessness tax. If you do not want to think about your social duty for your fatherland than you will have to pay for it,” • Gerasimenko-2006 • Romania – Population Policy: • http://countrystudies.us/romania/37.htm

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