1 / 19

Chapter 15 Bleeding and Shock

Chapter 15 Bleeding and Shock. Objectives. Describe the cardio-respiratory system. List the components of the circulatory system. Explain how blood circulates through the body. Explain what is meant by standard precautions. Define the three basic types of bleeding.

forrest-richards
Download Presentation

Chapter 15 Bleeding and Shock

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 15 Bleeding and Shock

  2. Objectives • Describe the cardio-respiratory system. • List the components of the circulatory system. • Explain how blood circulates through the body. • Explain what is meant by standard precautions. • Define the three basic types of bleeding. • Explain the dangers associated with shock.

  3. Cardiorespiratory System • Cardiorespiratory system includes functions of the heart, blood vessels, circulation, and gas exchange • Important components • Heart • Blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries) • Lungs

  4. Heart • Responsible for pumping blood throughout the body • Dimensions • 5 inches long, 3.5 inches long • Weighs less than a pound • Beats 10,000 times a day • 8000 gallons of blood through 12000 vessels • Pumps 70-80 times a minute • Slower HR for those in better shape

  5. Structure of Heart • Four cavities • Left/Right Atria • Left/Right Ventricle • Left and right sides separated by septum • Superior and inferior vena cava • Aorta • Pulmonary artery and vein

  6. Blood Flow Through Heart • Superior and Inferior Vena Cava • Right Atrium • Tricuspid Valve • Right Ventricle • Pulmonary Valve • Pulmonary Artery • Lung

  7. Blood Flow Through Heart • Lung • Pulmonary Vein • Left Atrium • Mitral Valve • Left Ventricle • Aortic Valve • Aorta

  8. Blood • Approx 5 quarts of blood in adult body • Carries oxygen and nutrients to body • Transports waste products back to lungs, kidneys, and liver • Essential to immune system, temperature balance, hormone messenger

  9. Components of Blood • Plasma: yellowish liquid, 55% of total volume of blood • Red blood cell: transports oxygen • Hemoglobin • Hematocrit • White blood cell: defense cells • Platelets: helps with blood clots • All of these are produced in bone marrow

  10. Blood Vessels • Arteries: carry blood from heart to the body, oxygenated • Arterioles: small arteries • Veins: carry blood back to heart, one way valves • Veins in legs are surrounded by large muscle groups that compress veins when contracted • Venules: small veins

  11. Blood Vessels • Capillaries: connects arteries and veins, responsible for transferring oxygen and nutrients to cells • Coronary Arteries: heart’s own system of blood vessels

  12. Blood Pressure • Measurement of the pressure against blood vessel walls • Systolic (top number): ventricle contraction • Diastolic (lower number): ventricle relaxation

  13. Blood Pressure • Measured using a sphygmomanometer at brachial artery • Average is 120/80 • Athletes usually lower • Factors affecting blood pressure: stress, nutrition, disease, drugs, exercise, family history

  14. Pulse • Rhythmical beating of the heart • Pulse Points • Brachial Artery • Commom Carotid Artery • Femoral Artery • Dorsalis Pedis Artery • Popliteal Artery • Radial Artery • Temporal Artery • Posterior Tibial Artery

  15. Find Pulse • Should take pulse with first two fingers, not thumb • Carotid Artery: anterior border of sternocleidomastoid • Radial Artery: lateral of wrist • Dorsalis Pedis Artery: top of foot, lateral to extensor hallucis longus • Tibialis Posterior Artery: medial side of ankle

  16. Personal Protective Equipment • Should be used when coming in contact with blood or other body fluids • Gloves • Protective Eyewear • Surgical Mask

  17. Removal of Gloves • Grasp the palm or cuff of the left glove with the gloved right hand. • Pull the left glove toward the fingertips so the glove ends up inside out. • Holding the removed glove in the gloved right hand, insert 2 fingers from the left hand under the cuff of the right glove. • Pull the right glove toward the fingertips of the right hand, ending up with the glove inside out and the left glove captured within the right glove.

  18. Bleeding • Arterial: can be severe, spurts • Venous: less severe but can be profuse, bluish red blood • Capillary: slow bleeding, higher risk of infection

  19. Shock • Shock is a failure of the circulatory system to oxygenate vital organs • Variety of causes • Signs and Symptoms • Weak rapid pulse • Cold clammy skin • Pale • Shallow respiration • Nausea and vomiting

More Related