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Welcome to B.A.R.K.’s TECHNICIAN CLASS

Welcome to B.A.R.K.’s TECHNICIAN CLASS. Talk to Outer Space # 11. Outer Space. Amateur radio operators have their own fleet of satellites. Currently there are over 12 active satellites for amateur use. The organization that develops, maintains and promotes satellites

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Welcome to B.A.R.K.’s TECHNICIAN CLASS

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  1. Welcome to B.A.R.K.’sTECHNICIAN CLASS Talk to Outer Space # 11

  2. Outer Space Amateur radio operators have their own fleet of satellites. Currently there are over 12 active satellites for amateur use. The organization that develops, maintains and promotes satellites in the United States is AMSAT-NA. The FCC’s Part 97 definition of a space station is an amateur station located more than 50 kilometers above the surface of the earth.

  3. Outer Space Amateur satellites are very different from commercial satellites. Commercial satellites are geo-synchronous, meaning they travel at the same speed as the earth so they appear as a fixed location and at the same altitude. Amateur satellites have elliptical orbits that vary in altitude and location.

  4. Outer Space Elliptical orbits have two points, the apogee and perigee. The apogee is the point of orbit that is most distant from the earth’s surface. The perigee is the point of closest approach.

  5. Outer Space Because the our satellites are constantly moving, we have to compensate for doppler shift and spin fading. Doppler is defined as the observed change in frequency caused by relative motion between the satellite and the earth station. The frequency does not really change, it just appears to shift as the satellite approaches and then passes over the horizon. Spin fading is caused by the rotation of the satellite and it’s antennas. The satellite is continually spinning in two different directions. As the antennas reach a point that are in the same polar field as your antenna the signal will increase. When the satellite antennas are cross-polarized with your station antennas the signal will be much weaker.

  6. Outer Space Satellites can be found at different altitudes. A LEO, low-earth-orbit satellite, is generally close to the earth’s surface. A HEO is at higher altitudes. The higher the altitude the larger the coverage area (also referred to as foot print). The yellow lines are the ground track. The white shaded area Is the foot print. By using satellites you can talk to amateurs in other countries.

  7. Outer Space Technician licensees may operate on the 70 centimeter and 2 meter bands utilized by International Space Station (ARISS).

  8. Outer Space Because the satellites are constantly moving most hams use software tracking programs to track the satellite. Many of the software programs also tune their radios to adjust for doppler shift. Software also controls a rotator that keeps antennas pointed at the satellite throughout a pass. When working a satellite you should always use the minimum power needed to complete the contact. Several satellites use U/V mode, 70 centimeter uplink and 2 meter downlink, so it’s easy to work Leo's with 5 watts from a handheld radio.

  9. Outer Space If you operate without tracking software and easy way to locate a satellite is by finding it’s beacon signal. A beacon signal is a transmission from a space station that contains information about a satellite. Most beacons are simply Morse code transmissions of the satellite’s call sign. Because beacons continually transmit you don’t have to wait to hear another operator to ensure you have located the satellite. Interesting fact: Most amateur satellites are quite small. The graphic to the right is HO-68, a Chinese amateur satellite. HO-68 is 26 inches height by 19 inches width and 132 pounds in weight.

  10. Outer Space Amateur satellites are controlled by designated ground station operators. The ground station operators control the satellite by telecommands. Telecommands are one-way transmissions to initiate, modify or terminate actions from a distance.

  11. Outer Space All satellites send telemetry to the ground station operators. Telemetry is defines by FCC Part 97 as one-way transmissions of measurements at a distance from the Measuring instrument. Telemetry includes vital status reports from the satellite such as the status of it’s batteries, temperature and Keplarian elements. A Keplarian element is the satellites drift from the predicted trajectory is usually caused by solar winds.

  12. Let’s Review!

  13. T1A05 What is the FCC Part 97 definition of a space station?A. Any multi-stage satelliteB. An Earth satellite that carries one of more amateur operators C. An amateur station located less than 25 km above the Earth's surfaceD. An amateur station located more than 50 km above the Earth's surface

  14. T1A05 (D) What is the FCC Part 97 definition of a space station?A. Any multi-stage satelliteB. An Earth satellite that carries one of more amateur operators C. An amateur station located less than 25 km above the Earth's surfaceD. An amateur station located more than 50 km above the Earth's surface

  15. T8B04 Which amateur stations may make contact with an amateur station on the International Space Station using 2 meter and 70 cm band amateur radio frequencies?A. Only members of amateur radio clubs at NASA facilitiesB. Any amateur holding a Technician or higher class licenseC. Only the astronaut's family members who are hamsD. You cannot talk to the ISS on amateur radio frequencies

  16. T8B04 (B)Which amateur stations may make contact with an amateur station on the International Space Station using 2 meter and 70 cm band amateur radio frequencies?A. Only members of amateur radio clubs at NASA facilitiesB. Any amateur holding a Technician or higher class licenseC. Only the astronaut's family members who are hamsD. You cannot talk to the ISS on amateur radio frequencies

  17. T8B03 Which of the following can be done using an amateur radio satellite?A. Talk to amateur radio operators in other countriesB. Get global positioning informationC. Make telephone callsD. All of these choices are correct

  18. T8B03 (A)Which of the following can be done using an amateur radio satellite?A. Talk to amateur radio operators in other countriesB. Get global positioning informationC. Make telephone callsD. All of these choices are correct

  19. T8B10 What do the initials LEO tell you about an amateur satellite?A. The satellite battery is in Low Energy Operation modeB. The satellite is performing a Lunar Ejection Orbit maneuverC. The satellite is in a Low Earth OrbitD. The satellite uses Light Emitting Optics

  20. T8B10 (C)What do the initials LEO tell you about an amateur satellite?A. The satellite battery is in Low Energy Operation modeB. The satellite is performing a Lunar Ejection Orbit maneuverC. The satellite is in a Low Earth OrbitD. The satellite uses Light Emitting Optics

  21. T8B06 What can be used to determine the time period during which an amateur satellite or space station can be accessed?A. A GPS receiverB. A field strength meterC. A telescopeD. A satellite tracking program

  22. T8B06 (D)What can be used to determine the time period during which an amateur satellite or space station can be accessed?A. A GPS receiverB. A field strength meterC. A telescopeD. A satellite tracking program

  23. T8B05 What is a satellite beacon?A. The primary transmit antenna on the satelliteB. An indicator light that that shows where to point your antennaC. A reflective surface on the satelliteD. A transmission from a space station that contains information about a satellite

  24. T8B05 (D)What is a satellite beacon?A. The primary transmit antenna on the satelliteB. An indicator light that that shows where to point your antennaC. A reflective surface on the satelliteD. A transmission from a space station that contains information about a satellite

  25. T8B09 What causes "spin fading" when referring to satellite signals?A. Circular polarized noise interference radiated from the sun B. Rotation of the satellite and its antennasC. Doppler shift of the received signalD. Interfering signals within the satellite uplink band

  26. T8B09 (B)What causes "spin fading" when referring to satellite signals?A. Circular polarized noise interference radiated from the sunB. Rotation of the satellite and its antennasC. Doppler shift of the received signalD. Interfering signals within the satellite uplink band

  27. T8B07 With regard to satellite communications, what is Doppler shift?A. A change in the satellite orbitB. A mode where the satellite receives signals on one band and transmits on another C. An observed change in signal frequency caused by relative motion between the satellite and the earth stationD. A special digital communications mode for some satellites

  28. T8B07 (C)With regard to satellite communications, what is Doppler shift?A. A change in the satellite orbit B. A mode where the satellite receives signals on one band and transmits on anotherC. An observed change in signal frequency caused by relative motion between the satellite and the earth stationD. A special digital communications mode for some satellites

  29. T8B08 What is meant by the statement that a satellite is operating in "mode U/V"?A. The satellite uplink is in the 15 meter band and the downlink is in the 10 meter bandB. The satellite uplink is in the 70 cm band and the downlink is in the 2 meter bandC. The satellite operates using ultraviolet frequenciesD. The satellite frequencies are usually variable

  30. T8B08 (B)What is meant by the statement that a satellite is operating in "mode U/V"?A. The satellite uplink is in the 15 meter band and the downlink is in the 10 meter bandB. The satellite uplink is in the 70 cm band and the downlink is in the 2 meter bandC. The satellite operates using ultraviolet frequenciesD. The satellite frequencies are usually variable

  31. T8B02 How much transmitter power should be used on the uplink frequency of an amateur satellite or space station?A. The maximum power of your transmitterB. The minimum amount of power needed to complete the contactC. No more than half the rating of your linear amplifierD. Never more than 1 watt

  32. T8B02 (B)How much transmitter power should be used on the uplink frequency of an amateur satellite or space station?A. The maximum power of your transmitterB. The minimum amount of power needed to complete the contactC. No more than half the rating of your linear amplifierD. Never more than 1 watt

  33. T1A07 What is the FCC Part 97 definition of telemetry?A. An information bulletin issued by the FCCB. A one-way transmission to initiate, modify or terminate functions of a device at a distanceC. A one-way transmission of measurements at a distance from the measuring instrument D. An information bulletin from a VEC

  34. T1A07 (C)What is the FCC Part 97 definition of telemetry?A. An information bulletin issued by the FCC B. A one-way transmission to initiate, modify or terminate functions of a device at a distanceC. A one-way transmission of measurements at a distance from the measuring instrument D. An information bulletin from a VEC

  35. T1A06 What is the FCC Part 97 definition of telecommand?A. An instruction bulletin issued by the FCCB. A one-way radio transmission of measurements at a distance from the measuring instrumentC. A one-way transmission to initiate, modify or terminate functions of a device at a distanceD. An instruction from a VEC

  36. T1A06 (C)What is the FCC Part 97 definition of telecommand?A. An instruction bulletin issued by the FCCB. A one-way radio transmission of measurements at a distance from the measuring instrumentC. A one-way transmission to initiate, modify or terminate functions of a device at a distanceD. An instruction from a VEC

  37. Thank You ! Talk to Outer Space # 11

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