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Supporting Family Caregivers: Challenges and Effective Interventions

This roundtable discusses the challenges faced by family caregivers in providing quality care for people with serious illness. It highlights the need for tailored and multidimensional interventions, as well as the importance of implementing effective strategies and encouraging policy developments. The report also introduces the RAISE Family Caregivers Act as a national strategy to support family caregivers.

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Supporting Family Caregivers: Challenges and Effective Interventions

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  1. Roundtable on Quality Care forPeople with Serious Illness:Supporting Family CaregiversJune 19, 2018 Jennifer L. Wolff, PhD Eugene and Mildred Lipitz Professor

  2. Challenges to Structural Support of Family Caregivers • Misaligned reimbursement: lack of compensation for provider time and effort to support family • Prevailing orientation toward patient autonomy and privacy: missed opportunities for effective clinician-family partnerships • Patient-oriented information systems: absence of structured fields to document information about identity and characteristics of involved family members/friends

  3. Effective Interventions Exist Most effective interventions are: • Tailored: to individual caregiver risks, needs, preferences, and care context (by type of diagnosis, trajectory, stage of illness). Thus, assessment is essential to guide education, training, & support. • Multidimensional: encompass varied support such as education, skills training, counseling, self-care, relaxation, respite. Typically engage caregivers in learning new skills Few caregivers now benefit from evidence-based models • Implementation science bottleneck Need to do research in new ways: Shift toward “embedded” trials to learn what works and facilitate diffusion See www.caregiver.org Family Caregiver Alliance Consensus Conference Report on Caregiver Assessment (2006) & Inventory of Assessment Instruments.

  4. Socio-ecological framework for caregiver interventions, From Chapter 5 of NASEM Report: Families Caring for an Aging America

  5. Encouraging Developments State Policy • Paid family leave: CA, DC, NJ, NY, RI, WA • CARE Act to support families through hospital discharge • State innovation to connect support through Medicaid and ACL programs Delivery & Payment Reform • New Medicare billing codes (transitional & chronic care management, advance care planning; dementia care planning) and Conditions of Participation (e.g, in home health, hospital discharge) • Medicaid expectation of family caregiver assessment when care plan depends on them (1915(i) HCBS state plan option) • Bundled payment models (e.g., Accountable Care Organizations; Managed Long-Term Services and Supports) that emphasize value and quality

  6. A National Strategy Recognize, Assist, Include, Support, and Engage (RAISE) Family Caregivers Act (S. 1028/H.R. 3759) • Signed into law January 22, 2018 • Requires Secretary of HHS to develop, maintain, & update a strategy to recognize and support family caregivers • HHS to convene Family Caregiving Advisory Council to develop initial strategy within18 months, with public input & broad stakeholder involvement • Biennial reporting & termination of Council after 5 years

  7. Moving toward a National Strategy Elements in Care Delivery • Identification: Annual Wellness Visit, Structured fields in the electronic health record, Clinical assessments of patients (e.g., the home health assessment instrument, the OASIS), Shared access to patient’s portal accounts • Engagement: Incorporate family perspective & insight in care processes (e.g, experience of care measures) • Inter-professional care: Clarify & legitimize role; Assess & respect capacity; Availability of tailored supports; Ensure competencies of professional workforce Toward a coherent strategy: Deliberative & integrated approach across care settings (LTSS & health care), programs (Medicare, Medicaid, ACL, States,Employers) with surveillance to assess and monitor effects

  8. Funding Disclosures:- National Institute on Health (NIA/NIMH), - Milbank Memorial Fund, - Susan G. Komen Foundation- Atlantic Philanthropies/John A. Hartford Foundation jwolff2@jhu.edu @jwolff_sph; @LipitzCenter Thanks!

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