The Digestive System

1. The Digestive System

2. The Digestive System

3. DIGESTION

4. Digestive System

5. To Know- Digestion • 4 Basic processes of Digestion • Parts of Gastrointestinal Tract (GI) • Function of organs of GI • Know order of food from mouth to anus • Peristalsis • Facts

6. Vocabulary • mouth esophagus • pharynx stomach • peristalsis liver • pancreas small intestine • large intestine/colon rectum • anus epiglottis • bolus chyme • gallbladder

7. Purpose of System • Ingestion- Eating or Drinking Mechanical/chemical • Digestion- Process of breaking down food Mechanical/chemical • Absorption- Cells obtain nutrients from food molecules • Elimination- Undigested food leaves body

8. Food Processing Stages

9. Gastrointestinal Tract- GI25-30 feet from mouthanus

10. Organs of Digestive System • Six main organs: the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine • Accessory organs: salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder

11. The Mouth • Mechanical (chemical) digestion • Lips, Cheek, Tongue, and Teeth • Saliva Glands • Amylase- sugar Bolus- “Ball of Food”

12. The Mouth • Taste buds determine if food is sweet, salty, sour, or bitter. (Umami)

13. Pharynx • “Gone down the wrong pipe” • Epiglottis

14. Connects pharynx to stomach • 10 inches long • Peristalsis-contraction of muscles in GI tract. • Sphincter- where esophagus meets stomach ESOPHAGUS esophagus sphincter

15. Pharynx • The bolus, is pushed down the pharynx • Cartilage flap, epiglottis, seals off airway to prevent food from entering.

18. Common Diseases • Hiatal Hernia • Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) • Heartburn • Barrett’s Esophagus • Esophageal Cancer

19. STOMACH • A thick muscular sac, mechanical/chemical digestion • Located below diaphragm in the abdomen • Gastric Fluids • Mucus- lubricates stomach • Hydrochloric Acid- breaks down food pH 1-2 • Pepsin- protein breakdown

20. **Can hold up to 2 liters of food

21. Water- leaves immediately when stomach is empty Fruits- about 30 minutes Vegetables- about 30 minutes – 1 hour Starches- 1 hour Grains- 90 minutes Seeds and Nuts- 2-3 hours Dairy- 90 minutes – 4-5 hours Whole egg - 45 min. Fish - 30 min – 60 min. Chicken - 1½ to 2 hours Turkey - 2 to 2 ¼ hours Beef, lamb - 3 to 4 hours Pork - 4½ to 5 hours Digestion Time

22. Common Diseases or Disorders • Stomach Ulcers • Stomach Cancer or Gastric Cancer • Gastroenteritis • Chronic Gastritis

23. After stomach digestion • Chyme: a pasty mixture • Pyloric Valve • Between the stomach and the small intestine • Peristalsis

24. Small Intestine • Absorption of nutrients • Located between the stomach and the large intestine- Chyme enters • Duodenum- beginning ph5 • Jejunum- middle • illium- end • Approximately 7 meters

25. Small Intestine • Longest organ in body- • 1 inch dia. 3 sections • 1, Duodenum: mixes up chyme and enzymes- liquifies food. • 2. Jujenum- most carbs/proteins absorbed. • 3. iIlium- absorbs fats, water, bile salts. • Food leaves SI, it is 90% nutrient free except water.

26. Small intestine • Purpose- Villa, microvilli, soak up nutrients from food.

28. Pancreas • Pancreas: helps digests carbohydrates, fats, and proteins- releasing most digestive enzymes. • Pancreatic Amylase- Carbohydrates • Lipase- Fats • Trypsin- • duodenum Protein • Insulin- sugar • regulation

29. Liver • Liver: 1 quart of blood/min passes through. • Produces bile- stored in Gall Bladder • Bile - breaks down fat, • All blood from • stomach/intestine filtered by liver removes toxins.

30. Large Intestine • Colon- about 5 ft long diameter of 2½ inches • Removes water • Produces feces

31. The Large Intestine • Elimination of waste • Ascending Colon- up • Transverse Colon- across • Descending Colon- down • Sigmoid- sharp left turn

32. What’s in that brown stuff? • Approx. 50% dead bacteria • Remaining- indigestible food residue, and mucus form the bulk of matter!!!! !!!! • The water of the bulk is absorbed. • Peristalsis contractions = #2 out anus.

33. Factoids • The lifespan of a taste bud is 7-14 days. • Stomach cells live about 2-3 days • Humans make about 1.5-2 liters of spit/day • 90 percent of digestion and absorption takes place in the small intestine. • Stomach growling is the muscles moving around a hollow empty stomach. • You can swallow upside down. (not recommended)

34. Factoids The average male will eat about 40-50 tons of food during his lifetime in order to sustain a weight of 150 lbs Food takes from 1-3 days from mouth to anus Within the colon, a typical person harbors more than 400 distinct species of bacteria On average, the stomach produces 2 liters of Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) daily The liver is the largest organ in the body

35. Factoids • It takes about 20 minutes for your brain to receive the “full stomach” signal. • We burp/fart about 13 to14X daily!

36. To Know- Digestion • 3 Basic processes of Digestion • Parts of GI • Function of organs • Tract of food from mouth to anus • Peristalsis • Facts

37. **Be able to identify the parts of digestion.

38. QUIZ TIMEAre you ready?!

39. http://www.mayoclinic.com/invoke.cfm?id=DS00099 http://www.naturalways.com/toxic-gut.htm http://www.umm.edu/digest/stomach.htm http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/barretts/ http://www.mamashealth.com/Stomach.asp http://www.healthsquare.com/fgpd/fg4ch05p2.htm http://www.becomehealthynow.com/article/bodydigestive/730 http://health.allrefer.com/health/upper-gi-and-small-bowel-series-small-intestine.html http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/S/Sm/Small_intestine.htm http://www.canceranswers.com/Mouth.Cancer.html http://www.perio.org/consumer/2a.html http://www.tonguecancer.com/tongue_cancer.htm Bibliography