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Integrating Design, Planning, and Management for Water-Sensitive Urban Settlements in South Africa

This research paper explores the concept of Water-Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) in South Africa, aiming to manage the urban water cycle in a sustainable manner and improve water security. It discusses the principles, strategies, and transitions required to create water-sensitive cities and provides recommendations for integrating WSUD into urban design, planning, and management.

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Integrating Design, Planning, and Management for Water-Sensitive Urban Settlements in South Africa

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  1. Towards water sensitive urban settlements – integrating design, planning and management of South Africa’s towns and cities K. Winter, K. Carden, L. Fisher-Jeffes, & S.Pan Public input into the National Water Resource Strategy October 2012

  2. Urbanisation in SA, 1950 - 2030 Source: Haldenwang, 2010

  3. Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) • Multi-disciplined approach to urban water management aimed at managing the urban water cycle in a more sustainable manner so as to improve water security (Wong, 2006). • Considers the environment in conjunction with infrastructure planning, design and management at the earliest possible stage of any decision-making process (McAlister, 2007).

  4. Influence of WSUD on the urban water cycle Source: Hoban & Wong (2006)

  5. Potable water supply and treatment plant Water treatment plant Natural environment Built environment USE Human consumption - kitchen Hot water system Shower and bathroom taps Clothes washing Toilet flushing Garden irrigation Built environment Sewage treatment plant (STP) Natural environment Discharge

  6. Potable water supply and treatment plant MINIMISE Natural environment Built environment Stormwater treatment Train All water is an opportunity Not a threat USE Human consumption - kitchen Hot water system Shower and bathroom taps Clothes washing Toilet flushing Garden irrigation REUSE Sewage treatment plant (STP) Built environment Natural environment Discharge Discharge PROTECT & ENHANCE ENVIRONMENT MINIMISE

  7. Descriptive understanding of WSUD “…mitigating water scarcity, improving water quality, thereby protecting ecosystems, through the development of water sensitive urban areas (for all) that are sustainable, resilient and adaptable to change, while simultaneously being a place where people want to live….”

  8. Narrative definition

  9. WSUD principles / strategies • Sustainable water supply options • water conservation / demand management • alternative water sources, e.g. rainwater / stormwater harvesting • aquifer storage • Wastewater minimisation • quality improvement • use of treated wastewater / recycled water • Stormwater management • SUDs (Sustainable Urban Drainage) • enhancement of amenity and biodiversity

  10. Cape Town WSUD transitions framework Source: Brown et al. (2008) Ethekwini

  11. Green Point Park, Cape Town

  12. And the ugly. Housing Water Supply Drainage Sanitation Solid Waste

  13. WSUD transitions framework Source: Brown et al. (2008)

  14. Vision WSUD in SA: “2 History’s, 1 future” Water supply city Sewer City Drained city Water way City Water cycle city History The road ahead What we need to do now Goal Informal settlements Un-service high density areas Apartheid/separate development Develop water sensitive services Water Sensitive city Develop water sensitive services Green fields Formal settlements RETRO FIT WSUD a tool for redress and sustainability

  15. The Vision Component History What we need to do now The road ahead Goal Needs Civil unrest/demand for equitable services Need for “cheap” labour Water scarcity, public health Water supply communities Sewered communities Drained communities Waterway Communities Water cycle communities Un-serviced, high density communities Develop water sensitive services Apartheid/separated communities Informal settlements Amenity and environmental protection Limits on natural resources Inter-generational equity Allow the formation of informal settlements with no services Adhoc provision of services Water Sensitive Cities Develop water sensitive services Green fields Water Supply Public Health Flood Protection Management of diffuse pollution Fit for purpose use of water Adaptive, multifunctional infrastructure designed to emphasise water sensitivity Formal settlements RETRO FIT Supply Hydraulics Separate Sewers Channelization Integrated Urban Water Cycle management (IUWCM), management of point source Solutions

  16. Presentation of benefits of WSUD

  17. Acknowledgements Water Research Commission of South Africa – Contract no. K5/2071: “Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) or Low Impact Design (LID) for improving water resource protection/conservation and reuse in urban landscapes”

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