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Vision and Hearing

Vision and Hearing. brief intro to vision: most important sense? light energy  biochemical energy  electrical signals sensation  perception http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nspVjwAnGb4. The Visual Process. The Visual Process, cont. light travels through cornea, iris

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Vision and Hearing

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  1. Vision and Hearing

  2. brief intro to vision: • most important sense? • light energy  biochemical energy  electrical signals • sensation  perception • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nspVjwAnGb4

  3. The Visual Process

  4. The Visual Process, cont. • light travels through cornea, iris • “image” is focused • image is displayed on retina (reversed) • photoreceptors on retina (125 million per eye) • rods: dim light, no color • cones: bright light, detail, color and b-w vision • red, green, blue cones  any color • middle and third layer cells

  5. Perception of Vision • signal travels • optic nerve  optic chiasm  lateral geniculate nucleus (thalamus)  primary visual cortex • signals separated into 3 processing systems: • 1. shape • 2. color • 3. movement, orientation, spatial organization • Perception depends on light intensity? • not fully understood: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RJmP34WRFKU

  6. Hearing • sound waves • waves  vibrations  electrical signals http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7a2aoZeZhZ8

  7. Auditory Process

  8. Auditory Process, cont. • Vision combines signals (wavelengths) • Hearing separates sound waves (complex sounds) • sound waves collected by tympanic membrane (eardrum) • vibrations  malleus  incus  stapes

  9. Auditory Process-inner ear • outer ear • middle ear • inner ear (fluid)-cochlea separates frequencies

  10. Auditory Process-Organ of Corti • Pressure waves produced in cochlea • Hair cells on basilar membrane have hair bundles of stereocilia (stereo + cilia) • Hair bundles deflected by tectorial membrane • Vibration of hair bundles is converted to electrical signal by hair cells and send to 30,000 fibers of auditory nerve

  11. Auditory Process-Organ of Corti

  12. Sound Perception • Sound travels to temporal gyrus, auditory cortex • Complex process • Many sounds • language, natural sounds, music, loud/soft, quality, tone, pitch, length • adjacent neurons- similar frequency • specialized neurons respond to different tones • pure vs. complex sounds • Left auditory cortex-speech • Broca’s area

  13. PICTIONARY

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