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What’s the Matter?. An introduction to matter and what it is made of. What is Matter?. Matter is what makes up all of the ‘stuff’ in the universe. Matter can have different properties such as size, texture, shape, hardness, color etc….
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What’s the Matter? An introduction to matter and what it is made of.
What is Matter? • Matter is what makes up all of the ‘stuff’ in the universe. • Matter can have different properties such as size, texture, shape, hardness, color etc…. • However, all matter has mass and takes up space. Therefore it has density. • Matter is made of small particles called atoms.
Atoms • Atoms are about one one-millionth the thickness of a human hair. • A speck of dust may contain about 3 trillion atoms. • Atoms are made up of smaller parts called subatomic particles. • The names of these particles are protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Picture of Atom Oops! Not that Atom! www.allposters.com/adam-sandler_a14.htm
A diagram of the real Atom This diagram is not to scale Orbital
Electrons • Negatively charged super tiny particles. Virtually no mass. • Surround the Nucleus (in the electron cloud) • Discovered by J. J. Thomson in 1897.
Protons • Protons are positively charged particles found within the atoms nucleus. They have a mass of 1 atomic mass unit. • Protons were discovered by Ernest Rutherford in experiments conducted between the years 1911 and 1919. • The number of protons in an atom determines what kind of atom it is. (oxygen has 8)
Neutrons • Neutrons are uncharged particles found within atomic nuclei. They have a mass of 1 amu. • Neutrons were discovered by James Chadwick in 1932.
Diagrams of atoms are often misleading. • If the diagram below was a magnified picture of an actual atom • the electrons would be much smaller than the yellow dot. • They would still be invisible to your eye. • Also, the space between the nucleus of the atom and its • electrons would be much bigger. The electrons from this atom • would be found circling the nucleus from across the hall.
Other pictures of Atoms Sometimes atoms are shown this way. www.cfo.doe.gov/me70/manhattan/1890s-1939.htm www.csmate.colostate.edu
Are all atoms the same? • Atoms are not all the same but each atom is made from the subatomic particles protons, neutrons and electrons. • What makes atoms different from each other is how many of these subatomic particles the atom is made of.
