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Properties of Matter

Properties of Matter. Matter . Anything that has mass and takes up space Matter can take many forms and is not always visible to the eye Matter can change form. Everything in the universe is made of matter Energy, thoughts, feelings, ideas, sounds, light, heat, and emotions are not matter.

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Properties of Matter

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  1. Properties of Matter

  2. Matter • Anything that has mass and takes up space • Matter can take many forms and is not always visible to the eye • Matter can change form

  3. Everything in the universe is made of matter • Energy, thoughts, feelings, ideas, sounds, light, heat, and emotions are not matter

  4. Matter is made of atoms • Matter can neither be created nor destroyed; it just changes form - Law of Conservation of Matter

  5. Atoms • Tiny particles that make up matter • They are so small that 1 million atoms lined up side by side are equal to the thickness of a human hair

  6. “atom” comes from a Greek word that means “cannot be divided” • Atoms are the smallest unit of matter that has the identity of the matter

  7. Atoms are in turn made of protons, electrons, and neutrons • Protons, electrons, and neutrons are called subatomic particles

  8. Proton • Positively charged particle • Located in the nucleus of an atom

  9. Electron • Negatively charged particle • Located outside the nucleus of an atom

  10. Neutron • Neutral particle, no charge • Located in the nucleus of an atom

  11. Types of Matter - Elements • Most kinds of matter are made of combinations of a basic group of building blocks called elements • Element - matter made up of only one type of atom • There are about 116 different elements

  12. Compounds • Compounds are matter made up of different kinds of elements, chemically bonded together

  13. Compounds • When elements combine to make compounds, the new substance has properties that are different from the properties of the elements that made it.

  14. Compounds • Na (sodium) is a very reactive metal and Cl (chlorine) is a poisonous gas • NaCl is table salt and tastes delicious on potato chips!

  15. Chemical Formula • Uses symbols and numbers to represent the elements found in a substance and the number of each of those elements • Every element has a 1 to 3 letter symbol to represent the element, use the Periodic Table to match the symbol with the element

  16. Chemical Formula - examples • NaOH – Has 1 atom of Na (sodium), 1 atom of O (oxygen) and 1 atom of H (hydrogen) This is the formula for sodium hydroxide • C6H12O6 – Has 6 atoms of C (carbon), 12 atoms of H (hydrogen) and 6 atoms of O (oxygen) This is the formula for glucose.

  17. Identifying Elements and Compounds • Elements and compounds can be identified by their properties • Scientists must do different tests to identify elements and compounds correctly

  18. Identifying Elements and Compounds • It can take several tests and it helps to compare unknowns with known examples • Sometimes scientists also need to study the atomic and subatomic structures of matter to make a correct identification

  19. Identifying Elements and Compounds • There is no simple test to tell whether a substance is an element or a compound

  20. Properties • Characteristics or features of a substance • Substance – a general term for a compound or element (a fancy word for “stuff”)

  21. Physical Properties • Characteristics of a substance that can be measured or observed without changing the identity of the substance

  22. Physical Properties: examples • Size • Shape • Texture • Color • Density • State of Matter (solid, liquid, gas)

  23. Physical Properties: Density • Compares the mass of something to how much space it takes up • Density = mass/volume • To calculate density, divide the mass of an object by its volume • Units for density: g/mL or g/cm3

  24. Physical Properties: Density • Density is a property that can be used to identify a substance • If you know the density of an unknown substance, you can compare it to a list of densities of known substances and find a match

  25. Link to a site with short lessons about density • http://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/multimedia/chapter3/lesson1

  26. Physical properties: Solubility • Solubility – ability of one substance to dissolve in another (usually a solid in a liquid) • Soluble substances form solutions

  27. Physical properties: Miscibility • Miscibility – ability of one liquid to mix with or dissolve in another liquid • Immiscible liquids don’t mix • Less dense liquid floats on the denser liquid

  28. Chemical Properties of Matter • A characteristic of a substance that allows it to change into a new substance • Characteristics that relate to the atomic or elemental composition of substances

  29. Chemical Properties of Matter – Examples • Examples of chemical properties: flammability (ability to burn), • ability to react with oxygen, • reactivity (how easily one thing reacts with another), or • toxicity (how poisonous something is)

  30. Link to a site with short lessons about pH • http://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/multimedia/chapter6/lesson8 • Lessons 8-10

  31. pH • pH is a scale used by scientists to measure the acidity or basicity of a substance • pH 7 is neutral • pH 1 up to pH 7 is acidic • pH greater than 7 up to pH 14 is basic

  32. pH • pH is a chemical property • pH is used to predict chemical reactions or to select compounds for specific chemical reactions • Acids and bases are reactive compounds

  33. Physical and Chemical Changes

  34. Physical Changes • Any change in size, shape, form, or state of matter • The makeup of the matter stays the same, only the physical properties change

  35. Examples of Physical Changes • Physical weathering • Cutting or breaking something • Change in state of matter

  36. Changes in State of Matter • Solid to liquid – melting • Liquid to gas – evaporating or boiling • Gas to liquid – condensation • Liquid to solid – freezing or solidifying

  37. Chemical Changes • Any change where one or more of the original materials changes into a new material • They can take place quickly or slowly (rusting)

  38. Signs of chemical changes • Heat or light can be released

  39. Signs of chemical changes • A new substance can be formed – a gas is released, a solid or liquid forms

  40. More signs of chemical changes • Sometimes heat (energy) is absorbed • Sometimes a color change happens

  41. Link to a site with short lessons about chemical reactions • http://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/multimedia/chapter6/lesson1 • Lessons 1-7

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