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Latin America: Revolution and Reaction into the 21 st Century

Latin America: Revolution and Reaction into the 21 st Century. By: Hannah Mullen, Sophia Denney, Sarah Winton, Katelyn Sallee, & Noah Boggs. Latin America: 20 th Century. Argentina Goal was development Military begins to return government to civilian politicians.

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Latin America: Revolution and Reaction into the 21 st Century

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  1. Latin America: Revolution and Reaction into the 21st Century By: Hannah Mullen, Sophia Denney, Sarah Winton, Katelyn Sallee, & Noah Boggs

  2. Latin America: 20th Century • Argentina • Goal was development • Military begins to return government to civilian politicians • World War II ends- Latin America is not hugely involved • Political agitation increases

  3. Mexico and the PRI • PRI still controlled Mexico • But loosens hold near end of 20thcentury • Gov. joins NAFTA • economic growth • PRI’s control ceases almost entirely withelection of Vicente Fox in 2000

  4. Radical Unrest • Surge of unrest- socialist nature • Events in: • Bolivia • 1952 revolution>>> land redistribution and mine nationalization • Guatemala • Region’s worst problems • Cuba • Caught up in Cold War struggles, many reforms

  5. Guatemala-In Depth • Economy dependent on bananas and coffee • Series of military governments can’t solve problems • Juan Jose Arevalo: • Pres. of Guatemala, elected 1944 • Philosophy of “spiritual socialism” • Encourages labor movement • Institutes social reforms • Directed against companies like United Fruit Company (Guatemala’s most important economic concern during 20th century)

  6. The Cuban Revolution • 1956-1959 • Causes: people want democracy and freedom, to get rid of dictator Fulgencio Batista • Fidel Castro leads revolution and promises democracy (lie) • Ernesto “Che” Guavara helps him lead the 26th of July Movement • Effects: new ruler (Castro), Marxist regime, eventually extreme poverty

  7. Videos • Fidel Castro • Castro and the Cuban Revolution

  8. Characteristics of the Period • Catholic church had more political influence • JPII criticizes system of liberation theology- combined Catholic and socialist concepts • Common theme of military leaders who had support of US • Nationalistic, but hardly any economic growth

  9. The New Democratic Trends • By 1990s, democratic trends well established • Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Nicaragua, Guatemala, & Panama • Still problems • Leftist rebel groups (Columbia, Peru) • Cuba remains communist • Struggling economies-inflation

  10. US & Latin America • Military intervention to protect interests • Other interventions: • 1930s: US Good Neighbor Policy • FDR started this to repair US image in Latin America • 1960s: Alliance for Progress- begun by US • develop Latin America as alternative to radical political solutions • limited success • 1970s: US-built Panama Canal opened to Panamanian Gov.

  11. US & Latin America- (continued) • US supports Chilean military revolt- overthrew the president (Salvador Allende) in 1973 • US-supported or created governments in Latin America were called banana republics

  12. Important People • Augusto Sandino- led a guerrilla resistance movement against US occupation forces in Nicaragua • Vicente Fox- leader of the Conservative National Action party; his election in 2000 marked the end of PRI dominance in Mexico • Juan Peron- led in Argentina, overthrown by a military group in 1955 but Peronism (his program/ideas) continued for decades after.

  13. Society & Culture • Women’s roles • Denied the vote until 1929 in Ecuador • Feminist movements • Industrial jobs expand to include women • Still discrimination, hard to change attitudes • Majority Catholic, but Protestants make inroads • Music and dance important part of popular culture • Writers gain world recognition

  14. Works Cited • "Fidel Castro." 2013. The Biography Channel website. Apr 19 2013, 12:22. • "Cuban Revolution (Summary)." History Wars Weapons. Anonymous User, 18 Nov. 2012. Web. 19 Apr. 2013. • “Castro and the Cuban Revolution.” 2013. The History Channel website. Apr 19 2013, 12:27 • "Latin America: Revolution and Reaction in the 20th Century." Appleton Area School District. Web. <http://www.aasd.k12.wi.us/staff/hermansenjoel/Notes/Latin%20America%20in%20the%2020th%20century.pdf>. • http://wps.ablongman.com/long_stearns_wcap-4/

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