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Section 3: CKD, CVD and mortality. Cardiovascular diseases in CKD patients. Damage to the heart (Uraemic cardiomyopathy ). Damage to the arteries (Uraemic arteriopathy). Cardiovascular Mortality. Annual mortality (%). 100. Dialysis. 10. General population. 1. 0.1. Male. Female.
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Cardiovascular diseases in CKD patients Damage to the heart (Uraemic cardiomyopathy) Damage to the arteries (Uraemic arteriopathy)
Cardiovascular Mortality Annual mortality (%) 100 Dialysis 10 General population 1 0.1 Male Female 0.01 Black White 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 65–74 75–84 85 Age (years)
Synergistic effect of CKD, CHF andAnemia as risk factors for Death 2 yr mortality (n~ 200,000 5% Medicare sample) % Collins, Adv studies in Med 2003
100 10 1 Dialysis: male Dialysis: female 0.1 General population: male 0.01 General population: female 0.001 Adapted from Levey AS et al. Am J Kidney Dis 1998; 32: 853-906. DOD/0401-04 Cardiovascular Mortality Rates are Higher among Dialysis Patients
CKD predicts CV events: HOPE study n=908 Events per 1000 person years n=8307 Creatinine ≥124 µmol/l Creatinine <124 µmol/l HOPE=Heart Outcomes and Prevention Evaluation study Mann et al. Ann Intern Med 2001;134:629–636
CKD Outcomes:Mortality and Dialysis 27,998 CKD patients followed for 5 years Keith DS, AIM 2004;164:659-663
Prevalence of Co-morbidity and Level of GFR GFR <60 ml/min GFR 60 ml/min % DM Any CVD IHD CHF Stroke/TIA PVD