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Financiering. Jeroen E. Ligterink jeroenl@fee.uva.nl 2001. BMM 12 Topics Covered. Investment Decision vs. Financing Decision Market Efficiency Weak form efficiency Semi-strong form efficiency Strong form efficiency Lessons of Market Efficiency. Market Efficiency.
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Financiering Jeroen E. Ligterinkjeroenl@fee.uva.nl 2001
BMM 12 Topics Covered • Investment Decision vs. Financing Decision • Market Efficiency • Weak form efficiency • Semi-strong form efficiency • Strong form efficiency • Lessons of Market Efficiency
Market Efficiency Efficient Capital Markets - Financial markets in which security prices rapidly reflect all relevant information about asset values. Random Walk - Security prices change randomly, with no predictable trends or patterns.
Random Walk Theory • The movement of stock prices from day to day DO NOT reflect any pattern. • Statistically speaking, the movement of stock prices is random (skewed positive over the long term).
Market Efficiency Weak Form Efficiency - Market prices rapidly reflect all information contained in the history of past prices. Semi-Strong Form Efficiency - Market prices reflect all publicly available information. Strong Form Efficiency - Market prices reflect all information that could in principle be used to determine true value.
Lessons of Market Efficiency • Markets have no memory • Trust market prices • There are no financial illusions • Do it yourself diversification • Seen one stock, seen them all • Reading the entrails
BMM 13, Topics Covered • Common Stock • Preferred Stock • Corporate Debt • Convertible Securities • Patterns of Corporate Financing
Patterns of Corporate Financing • Firms may raise funds from external sources or plow back profits rather than distribute them to shareholders. • Should a firm elect external financing, they may choose between debt or equity sources.
BMM 14: Topics Covered • Venture Capital • The Initial Public Offering • The Underwriters • General Cash Offers • The Private Placement
Initial Offering Initial Public Offering (IPO) - First offering of stock to the general public. Underwriter - Firm that buys an issue of securities from a company and resells it to the public. Spread - Difference between public offer price and price paid by underwriter. Prospectus - Formal summary that provides information on an issue of securities. Underpricing - Issuing securities at an offering price set below the true value of the security.
General Cash Offers Seasoned Offering - Sale of securities by a firm that is already publicly traded. General Cash Offer - Sale of securities open to all investors by an already public company. Shelf Registration - A procedure that allows firms to file one registration statement for several issues of the same security. Private Placement - Sale of securities to a limited number of investors without a public offering.
Rights Issue Rights Issue - Issue of securities offered only to current stockholders. Example - YRU Corp currently has 9 million shares outstanding. The market price is $15/sh. YRU decides to raise additional funds via a 1 for 3 rights offer at $12 per share. If we assume 100% subscription, what is the value of each right?
Rights Issue Example - YRU Corp currently has 9 million shares outstanding. The market price is $15/sh. YRU decides to raise additional funds via a 1 for 3 rights offer at $12 per share. If we assume 100% subscription, what is the value of each right? • Current Market Value = 9 mil x $15 = $135 mil • Total Shares = 9 mil + 3 mil = 12 mil • Amount of new funds = 3 mil x $12 = $36 mil • New Share Price = (136 + 36) / 12 = $14.25/sh • Value of a Right = 15 - 14.25 = $0.75