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2B. Develop a Formal Monitoring Plan

Conservation Coaches Network Workshop Presentation. 2B. Develop a Formal Monitoring Plan. Adaptive Management Workshop Presentations. 1A-1B. Team, Scope, Vision 1B. Conservation Targets 1B. Viability Assessment. 2A-1. Strategy Selection 2A-2. Results Chains 2A-3. Goals and Objectives.

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2B. Develop a Formal Monitoring Plan

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  1. Conservation Coaches Network Workshop Presentation 2B. Develop a Formal Monitoring Plan

  2. Adaptive Management Workshop Presentations 1A-1B. Team, Scope, Vision 1B. Conservation Targets 1B. Viability Assessment 2A-1. Strategy Selection 2A-2. Results Chains 2A-3. Goals and Objectives 1C. Threat Rating 1D. Conceptual Models 2B. Monitoring Plan

  3. Plan Your Actions & Monitoring Measures

  4. This Presentation Measures • Types of measures and their value • How to develop a monitoring plan • Challenges related to monitoring and how to overcome them

  5. Basic Terminology Measures • Monitoring– The periodic collection and evaluation of data relative to stated project goals and objectives. Note: Many people often also refer to this process as monitoring and evaluation (M&E). • Measures (of Success) = Indicators – An indicator is a measurable entity, such as the status of a target, change in a threat, or progress toward an objective.

  6. Status Question:How are Species and Ecosystems Doing? Measures ?

  7. Effectiveness Question:Are Our Actions Leading to Desired Results? Measures ?

  8. Status Measures Measures • Like periodic check-ups of blood pressure or cholesterol • Status Questions • How is the biodiversity we care about doing? • How are threats to biodiversity changing? • Is the capacity to improve conservation changing? • Can be used for Early Warning

  9. Strategy Effectiveness Measures Measures • Strategy Effectiveness Questions • Are our conservation actions having their intended impact? • Used for Adaptive Management

  10. Measures Matter! Measures • Often seen as the last step or too challenging or expensive, so neglected • But essential to: • Enable adapting, learning, & sharing • Provide transparency and accountability • Secure future funding

  11. This Presentation Measures • Types of measures and their value • How to develop a monitoring plan • Challenges related to monitoring and how to overcome them

  12. Develop Your Monitoring Plan Measures Key Steps • Develop one or more indicators for each goal, objective and other information need • Prioritize your indicators based on your monitoring budget • For priority indicators, select your methods and how you will collect the information • Determine whowillcollectthe data and when

  13. 1. Develop Indicator(s) for Each Goal & Objective Measures What is necessary: monitoring goals and objectives I I I I I I I

  14. 1. Develop Indicator(s) for Each Goal & Objective Measures • What is ideal: monitoring key results, even if they don’t have an associated objective I I I I I I I I I

  15. 1. Develop Indicator(s) for Each Goal & Objective Measures Indicator: A measurable entity related to a specific information need such as the status of a target, change in a threat, or progress toward an objective

  16. 1. Develop Indicator(s) for Each Goal & Objective Measures A good indicator should meet the following criteria: Measurable:Able to be recorded and analyzed in quantitative or qualitative terms. Precise:Defined the same way by all people. Consistent:Not changing over time so that it always provides comparable measurements. Sensitive:Changing proportionately in response to actual changes in the condition or item being measured.

  17. What Is Meant by “Sensitive”? Measures

  18. Examples of Indicators Measures Goal for Blue-billed Ducks:By mid-2017, the presence (no. of locations documented) and abundance of blue-billed ducks dependent upon the Swan Coastal Plain return to at least 1995 levels. Indicator 1:# of individual blue-billed ducks Indicator 2: GPS locations (distribution) of blue-billed duck occurrences

  19. Example of Status Indicators Measures • Target: Lakes • KEA: Water quality • Goal: Beginning in 2013, water quality in the lakes remains stable or improves. • Indicators: • Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) • Nitrates (mg/L) and Phosphates (mg/L) • Transparency (depth of light penetration) Note: These are status indicators because the project team is not taking action to improve water quality. If they were, these would be effectiveness indicators.

  20. Examples of Indicators Measures OBJ. C1: By 2015 and thereafter, no new invasive plant species are detected in the Eucalyptus-Melaleuca woodlands and seasonally flooded wetlands # of new invasive plant species recorded in the Eucalyptus-Melaleuca woodlands and seasonally flooded wetlands

  21. Examples of Indicators Measures OBJ. B: By 2011, there are no more than 10 infractions issued annually against landowners in the Swan Coastal Plain for illegal clearing of vegetation # infractions issued annually against landowners in the Swan Coastal Plain for illegal clearing of vegetation

  22. Examples of Indicators Measures Landowners’ attitudes toward BMPs and conservation protection mechanisms

  23. Develop Your Monitoring Plan Measures Key Steps • Develop one or more indicators for each goal, objective and other information need • Prioritize your indicators based on your monitoring budget • For priority indicators, select your methods and how you will collect the information • Determine whowillcollectthe data and when

  24. Develop Your Monitoring Plan Measures Key Steps • Develop one or more indicators for each goal, objective and other information need • Prioritize your indicators based on your monitoring budget • For priority indicators, select your methods and how you will collect the information • Determine whowillcollectthe data and when

  25. Selection of AppropriateMethods Measures Method: A specific technique used to collect data to measure an indicator. • The selection of the most appropriate monitoring method depends on: • The information you need • The information you have • The skills of the project team • Availability of time, money and other resources

  26. Examples of MonitoringMethods Measures • To obtain quantitative data • Tracking project records • Formal survey • To obtain qualitative data: • Key informant interview • Focus group discussion • Direct observation • Social (participatory) mapping

  27. 5. Select your methods and how you will collect the information Measures A good method should meet the following criteria: • Accurate:Gives minimal or no error • Reliable: Results obtained using the method are consistently repeatable • Cost-effective: Not overly expensive for the data the method yields or for the resources the project has • Feasible: Project team has people who can use the method, as well as the material and financial resources to use the method • Appropriate: Appropriate to the environmental, cultural, and political context of the project

  28. Examples of Monitoring Methods Measures OBJ. C1: By 2015 and thereafter, no new invasive plant species are detected in the Eucalyptus-Melaleuca woodlands and seasonally flooded wetlands # of new invasive plant species recorded in the Eucalyptus-Melaleuca woodlands and seasonally flooded wetlands Method: conduct vegetation surveys I I I I I I Method: track law enforcement records I I I # infractions issued annually against landowners in the Swan Coastal Plain for illegal clearing of vegetation OBJ. B: By 2011, there are no more than 10 infractions issued annually against landowners in the Swan Coastal Plain for illegal clearing of vegetation

  29. Examples of Monitoring Methods Measures I I I I I I Landowners’ attitudes toward BMPs and conservation protection mechanisms I I I Method: key informant interviews or focus group

  30. Examples of MonitoringMethods Measures By 2017 all 12 MPAs reach a management effectiveness minimum score of “Good” … By 2012 all 12 Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have at least one sustainable mechanism that is generating income, representing at least 20% of their total annual budget % of MPA budget that comes from self generating sources of income Management effectiveness assessment score Method: formal survey Method: track project records

  31. Develop Your Monitoring Plan Measures Key Steps • Identify your audiences • Identify your information needs • Develop one or more indicators for each information need • Select your monitoring approach • Select your methods and how you will collect the information • Determine whowillcollect data and when

  32. Example of a Monitoring Plan Measures

  33. Example of a Monitoring Plan Measures

  34. Monitoring Plan in Miradi Measures

  35. To Address Our OriginalQuestions Measures • Are we doing the right things? We design strategies based on a conceptual model, prioritize threats and use result chains • Are we doing them well? We monitor objectives • Are we achieving an impact? We monitor goals

  36. This Presentation Measures • Types of measures and their value • How to develop a monitoring plan • Common issues and recommendations

  37. Common Issues & Recommendations Measures Issue: Monitoring is perceived as too complex, time-consuming and expensive • Keep it as simple as possible • Focus on essential monitoring – prioritize indicators • Dedicate 5-10% of budget • If possible, use data collected by others • Invite someone with experience to peer review monitoring plan

  38. Common Issues & Recommendations Measures Issue: Need to keep monitoring costs down • When possible, incorporate monitoring into existing work • Consider less frequent monitoring visits rather than no monitoring • Consider low-cost, qualitative options rather than no monitoring • Engage local people & volunteers in monitoring efforts

  39. Common Issues & Recommendations Measures Issue: What is the appropriate level of investment between taking action, assessing status, measuring effectiveness? • No easy answers. Consider: • Presence of known, serious threats • Level of understanding of targets, threats, and their linkage • Degree of certainty in strategy effectiveness • Risks of action – ecological, economic, reputational, etc. • Available resources

  40. Common Issues & Recommendations Measures Issue: Completing the adaptive management cycle • Establish explicit mechanism for analyzing monitoring data, communicating results, and adapting & learning • Keep it as simple as possible • Even once per year, a review is helpful

  41. Key Points Measures • Though often seen as last step or too challenging, Measures Matter! (transparency, accountability, adaptive learning) • Strategy effectiveness measures (conservation actions having intended impact?) vs. status measures (how is biodiversity doing?) • You develop measures as you develop your plan (KEA’s, threats objectives, viability goals) • Prioritize measures based on a realistic budget

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