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TODs & Complete Streets

Unit 6: Station Design & Access. TODs & Complete Streets. What is Transit Oriented Development?. “Compact, mixed use development near transit facilities and high quality walking environments.” ~ Federal Transit Administration

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TODs & Complete Streets

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  1. Unit 6: Station Design & Access TODs & Complete Streets

  2. What is Transit Oriented Development? “Compact, mixed use development near transit facilities and high quality walking environments.” ~ Federal Transit Administration GOAL: Provide sustainable places where people can maximize use of transit systems as part of their work and leisure travel

  3. Question • If you were asked to build from scratch the land around a light rail stop, how would set up this neighborhood? What would it look like? Why?

  4. Some Common TOD Characteristics • Centered around rail or bus station • High density development within one-quarter to one-half mile • Mixed development • Shops, schools, public areas, variety of housing types • Built with “complete streets” • Streets have good connectivity and traffic calming • Parking management policies • Convenient and well designed transit stops and stations • Wayfinding and navigation

  5. Convenient/ Well Designed Stations

  6. High Density Mixed Development

  7. High Connectivity with Area

  8. Coordination Along the Corridor

  9. Consider the Pedestrian Scale

  10. Careful with Definitions Transit Oriented Development Transit Adjacent Development Suburban street pattern Lower densities Dominant surface parking Limited pedestrian & bicycle access Mainly single-family homes Segregated land uses • Grid pattern • Higher densities • Limited surface parking • Pedestrian and bicycle designs • Mixed housing types • Horizontal & vertical mixed uses • Office and retail on main streets

  11. Benefits of TOD • More transit ridership • Shifts auto trips to transit • Increases accessibility • Promotes walking/ cycling • Reduces vehicle ownership • Improves environmental impacts • Minimizes transportation costs

  12. Vehicle Ownership in TODs

  13. Commuting Patterns for TODs

  14. Housing & Transport Costs for TODs

  15. TOD Place Typologies • Regional Centers • Urban Centers

  16. TOD Place Typologies • Suburban Centers • Transit Town Centers

  17. TOD Place Typologies • Urban Neighborhoods • Transit Neighborhoods

  18. TOD Place Typologies • Specialty Use Districts • Mixed-Use Corridors

  19. Identifying TOD Places

  20. Identifying TOD Places

  21. Development Guidelines for TOD Places

  22. Development Guidelines for TOD Places

  23. What Is Needed to Have TOD Work?

  24. TOD Works Best When They’re Coordinated

  25. TOD Corridor 1: Destination Connector • Links residential areas to multiple activity centers • Ridership in both directions • Demand for new development in “destination” stations • Pedestrian access is critical

  26. TOD Corridor 2: Commuter Line • Links residential areas to one major activity center • Ridership in one direction • Most likely heavy rail system • Demand for residential development along corridor • Park-and-ride recommended

  27. TOD Corridor 3: District Circulator • Travels within a major activity center, a few neighbors • Ridership in both directions • Requires regional development plan • Supports shorter trips • May link with other corridor types

  28. TOD Area Planning Objectives • Develop clear land use alternatives • Understand market demand • Forecast ridership/ parking needs for TOD • Minimize land use conflicts • Analyze zoning impacts • Set minimum allowable density standards • Set affordable housing goals • Ensure accessibility ...plus many more!

  29. Example: Austin, Texas

  30. Example: Portland, Oregon

  31. Example: Miami, Florida

  32. Complete Streets

  33. Challenges • Improvements related to self-selection • Equity for low-income groups • Prior land uses present in area • Development companies must support • Integration with automobiles

  34. Conclusion • TOD is : “Compact, mixed use development near transit facilities and high quality walking environments.” • The objective of TOD is to create an environment where people don’t need a privately owned vehicle.

  35. Reference The materials in this lecture were taken from: • "Walker, J. (2011). Human transit: How clearer thinking about public transit can enrich our communities and our lives. Island Press. • Pushkarev, Boris, and Jeffrey M. Zupan. Public transportation and land use policy. Vol. 977. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1977.

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