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Chapter 7 Deviance and Crime

Chapter 7 Deviance and Crime. Key Terms. deviance Any behavior, belief, or condition that violates significant social norms in the society or group in which it occurs. crime A behavior that violates criminal law and is punishable with fines, jail terms, and other sanctions.

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Chapter 7 Deviance and Crime

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  1. Chapter 7Deviance and Crime Key Terms

  2. devianceAny behavior, belief, or condition that violates significant social norms in the society or group in which it occurs. • crimeA behavior that violates criminal law and is punishable with fines, jail terms, and other sanctions.

  3. juvenile delinquencyRefers to a violation of law or the commission of a status offense by young people. • social controlSystematic practices developed by social groups to encourage conformity and to discourage deviance.

  4. criminologyThe systematic study of crime and the criminal justice system, including the police, courts and prisons. • strain theoryPeople feel strain when exposed to cultural goals they are unable to obtain because they do not have access to culturally approved means of achieving those goals.

  5. illegitimate opportunity structuresCircumstances that provide an opportunity for people to acquire through illegitimate activities what they cannot achieve through legitimate channels. • differential association theoryIndividuals have more tendency to deviate from societal norms when they associate with persons who are more favorable toward deviance than conformity.

  6. rational choice theoryDeviant behavior occurs when a person weighs the costs and benefits of criminal behavior and determines that the benefits outweigh the risks. • social bond theory The probability of deviant behavior increases when a person’s ties to society are weakened or broken.

  7. labeling theoryDeviants are those people who have been successfully labeled as such by others. • primary deviance Initial act of rule‑breaking.

  8. secondary devianceOccurs when a person who has been labeled a deviant accepts that new identity and continues the deviant behavior. • tertiary devianceOccurs when a person who has been labeled a deviant seeks to normalize the behavior by re-labeling it as non-deviant.

  9. conventional (street) crimeAll violent crime, certain property crimes, and certain morals crimes. • occupational (white‑collar) crimeIllegal activities committed by people in the course of their employment or financial affairs.

  10. corporate crimeAn illegal act committed by corporate employees on behalf of the corporation and with its support. • organized crimeA business operation that supplies illegal goods and services for profit.

  11. political crimeIllegal or unethical acts involving the usurpation of power by government officials, or perpetrated against the government by outsiders seeking to make a political statement or to undermine or overthrow the government. • punishment Any action designed to deprive a person of things of value (including liberty) because of something the person is thought to have done.

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