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Oceanic Zones

Oceanic Zones. Oceanic Zones. Several factors used to divide the ocean in to distinct life marine zones light availability distance from shore water depth. Two Basic Divisions. Benthic Zone – bottom Pelagic Zone - water. Benthic Zones. 1 . Intertidal Shallowest area

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Oceanic Zones

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  1. Oceanic Zones

  2. Oceanic Zones • Several factors used to divide the ocean in to distinct life marine zones • light availability • distance from shore • water depth

  3. Two Basic Divisions • Benthic Zone – bottom • Pelagic Zone - water

  4. Benthic Zones 1. Intertidal • Shallowest area • Between the low and high tide lines • Changing environment

  5. Intertidal zone creatures High Tide Low Tide

  6. Periwinkle

  7. Fingernail Limpet

  8. Barnacle mating Buckshot Barnacles

  9. Gooseneck Barnacles

  10. Mussel with barnacles on it Mussels Mussel with barnacles on it

  11. Sea Urchin Sea star Sea weed Sea anemones – closed above water, open below water Chiton Seaweed

  12. Another view– zones in zones

  13. Benthic Zones • 2. Sublittoral • Always underwater • On continental shelf • Most variety of benthic life

  14. Sponge with brittle star Coral

  15. Brittle Stars Benthic Zones • Bathyal - starts at continental slope and extends to 4000 m - little or no sunlight - cold 4°C - very high pressure

  16. Crinoids (Sea Lilies)

  17. Sea cucumbers

  18. Benthic Zones Tube worms • Abyssal - No sunlight - 4000 – 6000 m - On abyssal plain

  19. Benthic Zones Foraminifera • Hadal • 6000m -11,000m • Trench

  20. Pelagic Zone – water area • 2. Oceanic • water off of continental shelf • further divided into 5 areas based on depth • Neritic • water area above continental shelf

  21. Oceanic zone is further divided into 5 areas based on depth

  22. Neritic Zone Life Seahorse Angel fish Clown fish Bluefin Tuna Herring

  23. Jellyfish

  24. Plankton

  25. Oceanic Zones • Epipelagic • Surface – 200 meters • Sunlight, warm

  26. Firefly Squid Oceanic Zones • Mesopelagic • twilight zone - some light but no photosynthesis • 200 – 2000 meters • contains thermocline (large temperature change) • low-energy tissues and sluggish lifestyles to cope with low food energy, since no algae can grow. • Many animals are bioluminescent Cuttlefish

  27. Deep Sea Angler Coelacanth

  28. Ogrefish

  29. Siphonophores Giant Siphonophore

  30. Bloodybelly comb jelly Bloodbelly Comb Jelly

  31. Pelagic Zones Giant Squid 3. Bathypelagic zone 2,000 – 4,000 meters Vampire Squid

  32. Pelagic Zones Snipe Eel • Abyssopelagic zone - 4000 – 6000 meters • low oxygen, nutrients and food • Dark and cold Zoarcid Fish

  33. The Abyss A very hostile environment Increasing Cold Increasing Pressure

  34. Resources Anderson, Genny (2002). The splash zone. Retrieved August 5, 2008, from http://www.biosbcc.net/ocean/flspl.htm#top Allison, M., DeGaetano, A., & Pasachoff, J. (2006). Earth Science. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Deep Sea. Retrieved August 10, 2008, from Monteray Bay Aquarium Online Field Guide Web site: http://www.mbayaq.org/efc/living_species/default.asp?hab=9 Flach, Author's first name initialEls, & Heip, Carlo (1996). Vertical distribution of macrozoobenthos within the sediment on the continental slope of the Globan spur area. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 141, 55-66. Monsters of the Deep Sea. Retrieved August 10, 2008, from Sea and Sky Web site: http://www.seasky.org/deep-sea/creatures-menu.html Rager, Nicolle (2004). Sea Vent Viewer. Retrieved August 7, 2008, from Natinal Science Foundation Web site: http://www.nsf.gov/news/overviews/earth-environ/interact01.jsp Roach, John (2005, Feb. 3). Life Is Found Thriving at Ocean's Deepest Point. Retrieved August 10, 2008, from National Geographic News Web site: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/02/0203_050203_deepest.html Yancey, Paul (2008). Deep Sea Biology. Retrieved August 7, 2008, Web site: http://people.whitman.edu/~yancey/deepsea.html Viau, Elizabeth A. (2003). The littoral zone. Retrieved August 5, 2008, from World Builders Web site: http://curriculum.calstatela.edu/courses/builders/lessons/less/les5/littoral.html

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