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Burley Tobacco Update. Dr. Bob Pearce Extension Tobacco Specialist. 2011 ANR Agent Update Winchester, Kentucky October, 27 2011. Outline. 2011 Burley Crop Summary New Insecticide Update Variety Update Tobacco Industry Concerns TSNA Chemical Residues GAP training/documentation.
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Burley Tobacco Update Dr. Bob Pearce Extension Tobacco Specialist 2011 ANR Agent Update Winchester, Kentucky October, 27 2011
Outline 2011 Burley Crop Summary New Insecticide Update Variety Update Tobacco Industry Concerns TSNA Chemical Residues GAP training/documentation
2011 Yield Outlook • USDA/KASS • October yield forecast for burley • 2000 lbs/A • Projected 64,000 A planted • About 128 million lbs production • Predicted yield based on rainfall • Based on rainfall recorded at 4 stations • Glasgow • Louisville • Lexington • Spindletop • Adjustment made based on monthly average rainfall
Burley Curing Conditions • Temperature • Influences rate of chemical and biological reactions • Influences drying rate • Optimum range 65 to 90 F (mean daily) • Relative Humidity • Influences drying rate • 65 to 70% RH (mean daily) for buff to tan colored leaf • 72 to 75% RH for dark brown to red leaf • Air Movement • Influences drying rate • Increase air movement to increase drying rate • Reduce air movement to slow drying rate
2011 Quality • There is a demand for good quality burley • Early • Good to Excellent • Dark Reddish Brown • Mid • Fair to Good • Tan to Buff • Late • Fair to Poor • Green
New Insecticides • Coragen • Transplant water – Good on hornworms • Foliar – Good for both hornworm and budworm • 1 day PHI • Voliam-Flexi (platinum + Coragen) • Good foliar treatment • Worms, aphids, and flea beetle • 14 days PHI • Voliam-Xpress (warrior +Coragen) • Broad spectrum • Good foliar • 40 days PHI • Durivo (platinum + Coragen) • Transplant Drench • Worms, aphids, flea beetles
New Variety for 2012 • KT 212 (expected) • The “new” 14xL8 • Yield High 8 • Race 0 Black Shank – 10 • Race 1 Black Shank – 4-5 • Early Maturing
Tobacco Industry Concerns • TSNA Levels in Leaf • Residues • MH • Warrior • G.A.P. Training
BMPs • Seed screening • Use LC / screened seed • Major impact • Low conversion, other strategies minor • Fertilization • Do not use more N than necessary • Do not sidedress too late • Harvest • Correct maturity – 28 DAT • Too late- ↑ TSNAs; too early – MH residues • Do not cut wet tobacco • Housing • Do not house wet tobacco • Do not overpack barns
Every 10 units N , 0.05 ppm TSNA ON AVERAGE Bush, Team TSNA
BMPs • Curing • Manage vents carefully • Stripping • Allow tobacco to come into case naturally • Strip as soon as possible • Storage • Minimize time in storage • Do not bale high moisture tobacco • Do not deliver tobacco >23.9% moisture
Factors Affecting Nitrite Accumulation During Curing • Temperature • ↑ temperature, ↑ TSNAs • Biological & chemical reactions ↑ as temps ↑ • Relative Humidity • ↑ humidity, ↑ TSNAs • High humidity favorable for bacteria (nitrite) • Longer cure, leaf active longer • Air movement • ↑ air movement, ↓ TSNAs • Lowers humidity • Minimizes anaerobic conditions
Challenge • Great progress in TSNA reduction • TSNA levels much lower • Challenge • Further reduce or eliminate current low TSNAs in burley • While maintaining quality
MH Residues 2009 4.5 weeks to harvest 3.55”rain Detectable limit = 10 ppm
MH Residues 2010 3.5 weeks to harvest 0.8“ rainfall Detectable limit = 10 ppm
Regional Burley Sucker Control 185g/plt 946 g/plt
DNA/Tank Mix Comparison 185g/plt 946 g/plt
DNA alone Comparison 185g/plt
Observations • As MH rate decreases • Residues decrease • Consistency decreases • 2.25 lbs is often as good as 3.0 lbs/A (Alone) • 1.5 gallons regular • 1 gallon high • 1.5 lbs is often as good as 2.25 lbs/A (in combination) • 1 gallon regular • 2/3 gallon high • DNAs • Prime +, Flupro, Drexalin, and Butralinsimilar performance
Good Agricultural Practices • All companies want growers trained/certified • Moving toward industry-wide standard • Corporate responsibility • Driven by shareholders • Includes • Agronomic practices • Worker protection • Labor regulation compliance
Burley Future in Kentucky??? • Demand for quality burley is strong • Uncertain regulatory environment • Growers increasingly frustrated • Marginal leaf prices • Inconsistent grading • Moisture measurements • Increasing company requirements • Labor availability and costs • Weather/Climate concerns