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Lecture at MCC: Fact or Falsehood? The National Sleep Foundation’s Sleep IQ Test Chapter 5

Join our lecture at MCC to learn about consciousness, sleep stages, circadian rhythms, sleep disorders, and ways to alter consciousness. Graph your alertness and explore the different states of consciousness. Don't miss out!

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Lecture at MCC: Fact or Falsehood? The National Sleep Foundation’s Sleep IQ Test Chapter 5

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  1. Announcement: Lecture at MCC

  2. Fact or Falsehood?

  3. The National Sleep Foundation’s Sleep IQ Test

  4. Chapter 5 • Understanding Consciousness • Sleep and DreamsCircadian Rhythms, Stages of Sleep, Why Do We Sleep & Dream?, Sleep Disorders, Self-help for Sleep Problems • Psychoactive Drugs • Healthier Ways to Alter Consciousness States of Consciousness

  5. Graph your alertness • Think of your alertness level on during a typical weekday. Make a graph with wake-up to sleep on the x-axis, and alertness on the y-axis.

  6. Consciousness • Definition: An individual’s perceptions, thoughts, feelings, and memories that are active at a given moment. Or “an organism’s awareness of its own self and surroundings” • Awareness of: • Internal sensations • External events • Self as a unique being • Thoughts and experiences • Characteristics: Personal and subjective, occurring on a continuum, and changing all the time.

  7. Function of Consciousness • Monitoring • Monitoring the environment for what is and what isn’t important • Selective Attention: the ability to choose what to allow into consciousness • Cocktail Party Phenomenon • Controlling • Used to plan and change our actions

  8. Conscious/Unconscious Continuum • Subconscious • ignore, select and reject incoming stimuli • Ex: clock chiming the hour • Preconscious • Available memories • Unconscious • Freudian slips, repressed memories, dreams • Divided Consciousness • Ability to do two things at once • Controlled vs. Automatic processes

  9. Rhythms in humans • Yearly, 28 day, 90 minute • 24 hour (Circadian) Rhythms: alertness, body temp, hormones • What happens if no external cues? • Jet lag West to East Phase advance East to West Phase delay • Sleep Deprivation

  10. Theories on Sleep There is no physiological reason found for sleep Adaptive: Species need a certain time awake to survive. Sleep protects by keeping out of trouble. Conserving Energy: Less calories burned. Restorative: Restore body and nervous system

  11. Sleep as a change in consciousness • Sleep Stages • Stage 1 • Stage 2 • Stage 3 • Stage 4 • REM Collectively called NREM stages

  12. EEG Cycles

  13. Brain Waves

  14. Sleep Stages 1 & 2 Stage 1 • Theta Waves, irregular, breathing slows, light sleep, easily awakened, lasts about two minutes, hypnogogic jerks Stage 2 • About 20 minutes long • Characterized by sleep spindles and K Complexes • easily awakened but clearly asleep

  15. DEEP Sleep stages 3 & 4 Stage 3 • A purely transitional stage • marked by 20-50% delta waves Stage 4 • About 30 minutes long • Hard to awaken • Delta waves > than 50% of the time • Walking or talking in sleep, wetting the bed, and night terrors can occur during this stage • Still attend to external stimuli

  16. Sleep Stages REM REM • Occurs the first time about an hour into the sleep cycle • Brain waves rapid • Breathing and heart rate rapid • Arousal of genitals • Rapid eye movement • Essentially paralyzed during this stage • Cannot easily be awakened

  17. The Cycles of Sleep • Repeats about every 90 minutes • REM sleep increases at the night moves on • About 25% of sleep is REM

  18. Function of Sleep • Deprivation studies for REM sleep result in: • hand tremors • crankiness • inability to pay attention, concentrate • reports of being sleepy • reported hallucinations • REM rebound which occurs once normal sleep cycle is allowed to return

  19. Specific Sleep Disorders • Sleep Apnea Nightmares • Narcolepsy Sleep paralysis • Insomnia • REM without Atonia • Restless leg • Sleep walking, talking • Night Terrors (NREM) children, sudden terror

  20. Dreaming • Dreams can occur at any stage • Content and clarity of dream depends on which stage it occurs in • Dreams in sleep stage 1-4 generally lack detail and are more associated with reports of emotion (ex: “It felt like I was being chased”) • REM dreams are detailed and are associated with story lines (ex: I was walking down a dimly lit street, wearing high heels…”)

  21. The Function of Dreaming • Function • Wish Fulfillment (Freud): Manifest (actual) and latent contents (symbolic) • Information Processing (Cartwright): The need to continue processing the day’s activities. Solves problems • Activation Synthesis Hypothesis (Hobson & McCarley): Triggered by neural activity from the brainstem

  22. Dreaming: pic

  23. Most Common Dreams • Falling • Being attacked • Trying repeatedly to do something • School, teachers, exams • Sex • Arriving too late • Frozen with fright • Death of a loved one • Nudity/Inappropriate dress • Killing or seeing themselves dead • Fire/ Snakes

  24. Hypnosis • Heightened state of suggestibility • Posthypnotic suggestions and amnesia • Theories: Disassociation, role, state • Best subjects: fantasize, imaginations, good concentration, think favorably • Facts and fallacies

  25. Drugs and Consciousness • Concepts in drug use • Tolerance: The need to use more and more of a drug to continue to get the same effects • Dependence • Physiological: Showing a withdrawal syndrome once removed from the drug regimen • Psychological: An emotional need for the drug • Co-dependence • Withdrawal: A distinct set of physiological symptoms associated with the removal of the drug from the system

  26. Factors influencing drugs effects • Tolerance- change method of taking • Weight • Physiology • Gender/ethnic background • Amount, strength • Personality, mood • Age • Other drugs in system (synergy)

  27. Use of Drugs - Percentage “This picture demonstrates the debilitating effects of drug use. You can clearly see the physical breakdown that occurs with the abuse of drugs. What you don't see but can imagine is the loss of jobs, relationships and family.” http://www.houstoncriminallawjournal.com/articles/drug-possession/

  28. Classifications of Drugs • Stimulants: Drugs that stimulate CNS activity • Examples –(meth)amphetamines, caffeine, nicotine, ritalin, cocaine • Can cause rush of energy and mood, followed by a crash. • Prolonged use and/or abuse can cause psychosis.

  29. Opiates • Can be called pain killers: • Heroin, oxycotin, codeine, morpheme • Kills pain, restricts pupils, sedates, apathetic (no cares)

  30. Depressants • Drugs which decrease CNS activity • Examples - Alcohol, Barbiturates, Minor tranquilizers, anti-anxiety (valium, zanax) • Alcohol: Reduces inhibitions. Males more likely to coerce sex, tip and spend big.

  31. Stimulants • Amphetamines: Speeds up nervous system. Often an initial euphoria or gain in energy followed by a crash Examples: Meth, cocaine, nicotine, Ritalin, “speed”

  32. Other classifications • Hallucinogens: Drugs that change perception and self-awareness • Examples - LSD, PCP, marijuana (hard to classify), peyote (legal on reservation), psilocybin Inhalants Restricts blood to the brain

  33. Marijuana • Does not fit neatly into any category, although usually classified as hallucinogen • Active drug THC • Much stronger than in previous generations.

  34. Classification of Drugs

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