1 / 22

9/4 Focus :

9/4 Focus : The Scientific Revolution inspired intellectuals to apply reason to the study not only of science but also of human society Do Now: Identify one European absolute monarch?. 9/5 Focus : European thinkers developed new ideas about government and society during the enlightenment

frankgordon
Download Presentation

9/4 Focus :

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. 9/4 Focus: • The Scientific Revolution inspired intellectuals to apply reason to the study not only of science but also of human society • Do Now: • Identify one European absolute monarch?

  2. 9/5 Focus: • European thinkers developed new ideas about government and society during the enlightenment • Do Now: • What impact did the Scientific Revolution have on the enlightenment?

  3. The Enlightenment

  4. The Scientific Revolution • Period in the 1500’s and 1600’s • Scientific thinkers began using observation and experimentation to explain the natural world • Use of the Scientific Method • Sir Francis Bacon

  5. The Scientific Revolution Before the Scientific Revolution After the Scientific Revolution Observation and experimentation used to explain natural world and solve problems Scientific Method Examination of natural laws governing the universe Ex. The Laws of Gravity • Religious teachings and traditional beliefs explained the universe and how the world worked

  6. The Enlightenment • The use of reason to guide people’s thoughts about mankind and its relationship to government and society • Known as the Age of Reason • Challenged traditional authority • Introduced new ways of viewing: • Government • Authority • Power • Law

  7. Natural Law • Writers and philosophers tried to use reason to discover laws that govern human behavior

  8. 9/8 Focus: • Enlightenment philosophers created new assumptions about the proper use of power, who had authority, and what made up a good government • Do Now: • Identify one Enlightenment thinker that was discussed in Global I.

  9. 9/9 Focus: • Enlightenment thinkers used the scientific revolutions emphasis on reason to suggest reforms in government and society. • Important Terms: • Reason, Natural Law, Social Contract • Do Now: • Which Enlightenment philosopher believed that all people were born with certain natural rights?

  10. Philosophes • Enlightenment ideas spread from Europe to the Americas • Paris, France became a meeting place for enlightenment philosophers • Met in salons • Discussed politics and ideas about human nature

  11. Philosophes • Five core beliefs: • Reason • Nature/Natural laws • Happiness • Living by nature’s law • Progress • Trying to improve society • Liberty • Reason could set society free

  12. Thomas Hobbes John Locke Voltaire Enlightenment Philosophers Rousseau Montesquieu

  13. Thomas Hobbes • English philosopher; author of the Leviathan • People are naturally greedy and selfish • Absolute monarchs were needed to create a peaceful society • People gave up freedom to the monarch in return for order in society

  14. John Locke • English philosopher; Two Treatises on Government • Believed all men were born with certain naturalrights • Life, liberty, and property • People form governments to protect those rights • Government can be overthrown if those rights are not protected

  15. Rousseau • French philosopher; wrote The Social Contract • Believed people were naturally good but became corrupted by evils of society • Unequal distribution of property • Scarcity of resources • Thought all people were equal • Titles of nobility should be abolished

  16. Rousseau • The social contract was an agreement between free individuals to create a society, make laws and a government • People gave up certain freedoms/self interests to this government for the common good

  17. Rousseau • Government should be based on the will of the people • “The general will” • democracy • Citizens and rulers must follow the will of the people • Majority should always work for the common good

  18. Baron de Montesquieu • French philosopher; On the Spirit of Laws • wrote that powers of government should be separated between 3 branches • Legislative • Judicial • Executive • Checks and balances prevent tyranny and abuse of power

  19. Voltaire • French philosopher who wrote about the importance of freedom of speech, religious freedom, and tolerance • Criticized the French government and the Catholic Church

  20. Closure • Identify the author of the book The Social Contract. • According to Rousseau, whatwere all citizens obligated to follow? • According to Montesquieu, what was the best way to prevent tyranny and abuse of power in government?

More Related