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Effective Decision Making Strategies for Teams

This module aims to enhance participants’ facilitation and training skills to improve a team’s decision-making capability. It covers stages of decision-making, strategies, challenges, and consensus facilitation. Participants will learn models, methods, and behaviors related to decision-making and consensus. Strategies to avoid groupthink, symptoms to watch for, and ways to reduce its impact are also discussed.

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Effective Decision Making Strategies for Teams

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  1. Making Decisions The purpose of this module is to develop participants’ facilitation and training skills to enable them to enhance a team’s ability to make decisions

  2. At the end of this module participants will be able to: • Identify stages of decision making • Discuss advantages and disadvantages of four different decision-making strategies • Recognize challenges to decision making • Facilitate consensus decision making

  3. Content • Stages of decision making • Decision-making methods • Decision-making model • Ineffective decision-making behaviors • avoiding making decisions • “groupthink" in reaching consensus

  4. Stages of Decision Making • Orientation • Discussion • Decision • Implementation

  5. Orientation • Defining the problem • Planning the process to reach the decision

  6. Discussion • Gathering information • Identifying alternatives • Evaluating alternatives

  7. Decision Choosing team solutions

  8. Implementation • Adhering to the decision • Evaluating the decision

  9. Decision-making Model High Expert Consensus High QualityLow Acceptance High QualityHigh Acceptance Quality Lack of Response Voting Rank Ordering Multivoting Low QualityLow Acceptance Low QualityHigh Acceptance Low High Acceptance

  10. Methods of Decision Making • Decision by lack of response • Decision made by expert(s) on team

  11. Methods of Decision Making • Voting • Rank ordering • Multivoting • Majority vote • Criteria-based decision matrix • Consensus

  12. Consensus Consensus is achieved when each team member can nod “yes” to • “Will you agree this is the next step?” • “Can you live with this position?” • “Are you comfortable with this course of action?” • “Can you support this alternative?”

  13. Consensus • Guidelines to achieving consensus • Avoidance of “groupthink”

  14. Guidelines for Making Decisions by Consensus • Encourage everyone to express their views • Encourage others to explain their views • Seek out differences of opinion

  15. Guidelines for Making Decisions by Consensus • Understand another team member’s view before disagreeing • Avoid arguing for your position • Continue to look for the most acceptable alternative

  16. Guidelines for Making Decisions by Consensus • Do not change your mind simply to avoid conflict • Avoid techniques such as voting, averaging, and bargaining to reduce conflict

  17. Discussion-limiting Strategies • Procrastinating • Bolstering • Avoiding responsibility • Ignoring alternatives • Satisfying • Trivializing the discussion

  18. Symptoms of “Groupthink” • Critical thinking not rewarded • Team can do no wrong • Justification of team’s actions • Pressure to “go along” • Need to “follow the leader”

  19. Reduce “groupthink” • Encourage critical, independent thinking • Encourage sensitivity to status differences • Evaluate team’s productivity

  20. Reduce “groupthink” • Assign member to play role of “devil’s advocate” • Subdivide into small groups

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