Concept of Educational Leadership

1. L01 FACULTY OF EDUCATION EAD5000 EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP DR. RAMLI BIN BASRI ROOM G28, TEL: office 03-8946 8248, H/P 019 224 1332 (smsprefered) E-MEL: ramlibasri@upm.edu.my

2. LECTURE 01: EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP CONCEPT

3. LECTURE 01: EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP CONCEPT EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP CONCEPT Definition of EL Role of EL Leadership and administration in education Power and leadership

5. IMPACT & IMPORTANCE OF LEADERSHIP • Rulers of ancient China devoted to the study of Leadership due to the prevalence chaos and uncertainty- writings on leadership by Confucius and Sun Tzu still relevant today. • Over the ages, emphasis of Leadership shifted from Political and military leadership to civil, business, economic and sectorial leadership. • Also shifted from individual or solo leadership to shared and distributed within the hierarchy of organization.

6. IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP • To provide Educational Institutions (EI) with high performance Educational Leaders (EL) to ensure • Students development • Effectiveness of schools and Institutions 2. Leadership is a professional obligation for EL, success and failures of EI depends on EL

7. GOVERNMENT AND GOVERNMENT–ASSISTED SCHOOLS 2016

10. EDUCATION TRANSFORMATION (2013 – 2025) • Provide equal access to quality education of international standard • Ensure every child is proficient in Malay and English language • Develop values-driven Malaysians • Transform teaching into the profession of choice • Ensure high performing school leaders in every school • Empower SED, DEO & schools to customize solutions based on needs

11. EDUCATION TRANSFORMATION (2013 – 2025) • Leverage ICT to scale up quality learning across Malaysia • Transform Ministry delivery, capabilities and capacity • Partner with parents, community and private sector at scale • Maximize student outcome for every Ringgit • Increase transparency for public accountability.

13. IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP 3. Leadership is a moral obligation of Educational Leader (EL), it includes moral principles and moral development or inculcation among staff and STUDENTS 4. EL (headmasters and teachers) are role models, needs to display and inculcate students with future leadership skills. 5. Future generation is being molded today.

14. LECTURE 01 Educational Leadership Concept Activiti 01: Who is a leader?

15. LECTURE 01 Educational Leadership Concept

16. Definition of Leadership • Behavior of an individual while engaged in directing the activities of a group(Hemphill, 1949) • A process of influencing the group's activities in setting and achieving goals (Stogdill, 1950) • A process in which individuals take the initiative to assist a group of individuals toward an acceptable goal of maintaining the group, as well as displaying individual needs within the group that encourage them to participate (Boles & Davenport, 1975)

17. A process of mutual mobilization by a person with certain motives or values, a variety of economic and political resources, in the context of competition and conflict in the pursuit of personal goals of leaders or common goals (Burns, 1978) • A process of persuading and influencing, where leaders influence followers to act towards strengthening the goals of common leaders and mutual goals (Sergiovanni, 1989)

18. Koontz And O‘Donnel (1972), define leadership as a skill to influence staff to complete their duties with great interest and confidence. Leadership is also a process of influencing others to do what they want. • This leadership is necessary to relate administrative processes such as planning, management and supervision.

19. So, leadership can be defined as the process of influencing people to direct their effort towards the attainment of some particular goal or goals.

20. An Integrative definition of Leadership • A Leader is one or more people who selects, equips, train, and influences one or more followers who has diverse gifts, abilities, and skills and focuses the followers to the organization’s mission and objectives causing the followers to willingly and enthusiastically expend spiritual, emotional, and physical energy in a concerted coordinated effort to achieve organizational mission and objectives. Winston & Patterson (2006) .

21. General definition of Leadership • Leadership is showing the way and helping or inducing others to pursue it. This entails envisioning a desirable future, promoting a clear purpose or mission, supportive values and strategies, and empowering and engaging all those around Roger Gill, (2011) Theory and Practice of Leadership, Second Edition. Los Angeles, USA: SAGE

22. Educational Leadership Concept • Leading, means guiding the subordinate ability towards the pursuit of organizational goals. • Leaders are the ones responsible for telling staff about plans to be implemented and strategies for achieving them. • Leaders should create a list of tasks, which have been agreed upon and then clearly state their staff functions. • Leaders also need to modify plans if necessary when there is a conflict, evaluate results, adapt the plan to the current situation, and through these processes, ensure that individual satisfaction and organizational goals are met.

23. Educational Leadership Concept • Leaders help employees through roles such as providing job satisfaction, problem solving, praising and criticizing, giving guidance and moral support, defining criteria and performance standards, and driving towards achieving goals. Employees should demonstrate the commitment to work together in achieving organizational goals. • In short, Hodgets (1975), states leadership is as a process to direct staff efforts to achieve organizational goals. Leadership may also be defined as a process for a principal to seek staff cooperation towards the completion of certain goals (Campbell, Corbally, Nystrand, 1983.)

24. Educational Leadership Concept • The success of a school organization and leadership style is closely linked. • To gain cooperation from staff is dependent on the positive interaction between principals and school staff. • According to modern theories, the most effective way to achieve the goal is not to use power but to meet individual needs.

25. Educational Leadership Concept • Understanding the relationship between human satisfaction with its performance is important. • The main problem in school administration is that principals are less able to motivate teachers. • This includes taking into account the factors of their dissatisfaction. Some of the staff are dissatisfied with the role they hold, less recognition, as well as their talents and potential are not given recognition. • The cause of dissatisfaction is what should be detected by the principal and try to overcome it.

26. Educational Leadership Concept • Daily behavior of leaders will affect the performance of employees. • Staff can quickly detect how principals behaviors in managing a school. Every principal's actions will be carefully observed by staff. • The question of how far leaders are responsible for achieving organizational goals, are the activities carried out solely to enhance their professional development, is he effective in solving the problem, does he have the ability to support and assist staff, and does he seek to identify sources of employee dissatisfaction, are the very the thing that will be observed by the staff and will determine how they will behave (Morphet, John, Reller, 1982).

27. Demands on Leadership • Communicate • All leaders have to be able to convey their thought in a clear and concise manner to their followers. • Team-builder • Leaders must be good team-builders. They must be able to keep together members from a variety of background, interest and opposing viewpoints. They get them to focus on a common mission. • Motivator • One of the prerequisites of good leadership is the ability to get people to do their best. A leader knows their needs, wants and interest, and make use of these to convey his feelings to motivate his followers towards organizational goals. • His goal becomes their goal. It is said that motivated workforce needs little or no supervision.

28. Knowledge-sharing • A leader must be more knowledgeable than his subordinates. He must also show the followers this ability through advice and performance. • Enquirer • A leader today practices management by walking about (MBWA) and moves around and observes what is happening on the shop floor. Management through “remote control” is not the order of the day! • The very fact that the leader is moving around, enquiring about his followers’ problems, progress and needs, would encourage them to express their ideas.

29. Warmth • A leader loves and cares for his people. “Plastic smiles” will not work! • Integrity • This is a quality that can be easily felt by one’s followers. A person of integrity keeps his word. He can be trusted, especially in difficult circumstance. • Leaders should also display a high ethical sense when dealing with others on behalf of the organization

30. Following through • A leader must be tough and have the tenacity to complete a job. Once a target is set and agreed upon, all efforts must be made to concentrate energy and resources to get it done. • How to Lead So Others Follow Willingly, Lunday (1990) • Communicates and is also a willing listener • Is interested and appreciative • Is honest • Is objective, open-minded and fair • Delegates and trusts subordinates • Motivates and is a team-builder • Is knowledgeable, experienced and has good judgment • Is approachable • Is enthusiastic and positive • Is decisive, courageous and committed.

31. Leader-subordinate Interactions • We can look at leadership by examining what leaders do and how they behave and interact with their followers in different situation (Situational Approach). • Four leadership Styles:- • Autocratic • Paternalistic • Democratic/participative • Laissez-faire • There is no hard-and-fast rule that a leader’s style should strictly fall into one of these categories. Though a person has a predominant style of leadership, he often leads by using a combination of other styles.

32. ROLE OF EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP • Leadership is accomplishing something through other people that would not have happened if you weren’t there. And in today’s world, that’s less and less through command and control, and more and more through changing people’s mindset and hence altering the way they behave. • Today, leadership is being able to mobilize ideas and values that energize other people.

33. Role of Educational Leadership • Assist community to create and align the shared goals • Guide community to articulate its values and beliefs • Managing harmony • Create consensus among participants and to describe how the individual roles and responsibilities of individuals merge into a collective

34. Role of Educational Leadership • Institutionalizing values • Convert the shared goals into operational plans for accomplishment • Motivating • Help participants find meaning in their work • Encourage participants to accept increasing responsibility for making decisions about their work

35. Role of Educational Leadership • Managing • Manage and regulate the daily operation of the work place without interfering with instructional time • Accomplish the routine tasks with minimal interruption of the participant’s teaching & learning responsibilities • Explaining • Explain the rationale for participant’s actions

36. Role of Educational Leadership • Enabling • To provide the opportunity and the mechanisms to achieve its shared goals • Modeling • Accepting responsibility as head follower by modeling purpose and values in thought, word and action • E.G. To present and demonstrate new teaching strategies • Supervising • Apply formative assessment strategies to find out whether the vision is being met, and to make adjustments to keep the vision healthy

37. Role of Educational Leadership Manager leader as Information – Processing system • As monitor – external inf • As monitor – internal inf • As nerve centre • Disseminator • Spokesman • Strategy maker

38. Manager as Monitor Internal information (trough leader role) from subordinates Manager as Monitor External information (through Liaison role) from contacts, informers, peers, and expert. Figure 1: The manager as Information-Processing System Manager as Nerve Center Manager as Disseminator Information to Subordinates Manager as Spokesman Information to Outside Manager as Strategy Maker Information for making Models and plans for Identifying problems and opportunities

39. Leadership’s Role • INTERPERSONAL: FIGUREHEAD LEADER LIAISON • INFORMATIONAL: MONITOR DISSEMINATOR SPOKESPERSON • DECISIONAL: ENTREPENEUR DISTURBANCE HANDLER RESOURCE ALLOCATOR NEGOTIATOR

40. A Summary of Administrative Roles and Activities

47. Rujukanuntuk exhibit 1: The Balanced leadership Framework: Connecting Vision with Action By Tim Walters and Greg Cameron (2007)

48. Good and Bad Leadership “Good or Bad”Leadership interpreted in terms of ethic and effectiveness, Barbara Kellerman, 2004.

49. Why Leadership Is Important? Effective leadership encompasses seven foundation competencies • Managing self • Managing communication • Managing diversity • Managing ethics • Managing across cultures • Managing teams • Managing change

50. Leadership and Management in Education • Leadership is having the vision of knowing where to take your school over a longer haul, having that vision and setting the direction, getting everybody enthused about meeting the longer term goals, meeting the philosophies of the school and really making employees feel it (goals) inside them. • A true leadership capability is where he can go in front of a group of people – talking to them enthused about things, setting the direction and getting the people to understand the goals • Management is being able to develop a plan and manage according to the plan within a relatively short time horizon of one or two years