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Zika Virus Disease

Zika Virus Disease. 2/1/2016. Overview. Zika virus is an emerging mosquito-borne virus that was first identified in Uganda in 1947. Since then, outbreaks of Zika virus disease have been recorded in Africa, Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands.

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Zika Virus Disease

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  1. Zika Virus Disease 2/1/2016

  2. Overview Zika virus is an emerging mosquito-borne virus that was first identified in Uganda in 1947. Since then, outbreaks of Zika virus disease have been recorded in Africa, Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. In May 2015, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) issued an alert regarding the first confirmed Zika virus infection in Brazil. The outbreak in Brazil led to reports of Guillain-Barré syndrome and pregnant women giving birth to babies with birth defects and poor pregnancy outcomes.

  3. Geographical Spread • As of January 31st, 2016 the following countries and territories have been identified with active Zika virus transmission: • Americas: • Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Martinique, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Saint Martin, Suriname, U.S. Virgin Islands, Venezuela • Pacific Islands: • Samoa • Africa: • Cape Verde

  4. Geographical Spread - Map

  5. Zika Virus in the United States No locally transmitted Zika virus cases have been reported in the continental United States, but cases have been reported in returning travelers. Locally transmitted Zika virus has been reported in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. With the recent outbreaks, the number of Zika cases among travelers visiting or returning to the United States will likely increase. These imported cases could result in local spread of the virus in some areas of the United States.

  6. Signs & Symptoms 1 in 5 people infected with Zika virus become ill and exhibit symptoms such as: fever, rash, joint pain, muscle pain, headache, or conjunctivitis (red eyes) that last for several days to a week. The incubation period (the time from exposure to symptoms) for Zika virus is not known, but is likely to be a few days to a week. Zikavirus usually remains in the blood of an infected person for a few days but it can be found longer in some people. Severe disease requiring hospitalization is uncommon.

  7. Diagnosis & Treatment During the first week after onset of symptoms, Zika virus disease can often be diagnosed by a specific blood test. Dengue, West Nile, and Chikungunya disease may be cross-reactive. Testing is coordinated with the local public health department. There is no vaccine or specific treatment for Zikavirus. The only treatment option available is supportive care including rest, fluids, and use of analgesics and antipyretics. Aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is not recommended until Dengue disease can be ruled out to avoid bleeding.

  8. Transmission Zika virus is transmitted to people primarily through the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito. A mother already infected with Zika virus near the time of delivery can pass on the virus to her newborn around the time of birth, but this is rare. It is possible that Zika virus could be passed from mother to fetus during pregnancy. This mode of transmission is being investigated. To date, there are no reports of infants getting Zika virus through breastfeeding. Spread of the virus through blood transfusion and sexual contact have been reported.

  9. Prevention Patients that are considering travel to any of the affected areas should be educated to wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants,sleep under a mosquito bed net, and use insect repellent that is EPA-registered (Pregnant women and women who are breastfeeding can utilize insect repellent according to the manufacturer’s instructions). Patients that are hospitalized for Zika virus do not need isolation precautions. Standard precautions should be strictly followed (e.g., perform hand hygiene, wear appropriate sized gloves).

  10. Questions? Please contact your Infection Prevention department for additional support and questions.

  11. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2016. Zika Virus. Retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/zika/index.html World Health Organization (WHO). 2016. Zika Virus. Retrieved from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/zika/en/

  12. Thank you

  13. Post Test • Q1: The majority of people who get Zika virus show symptoms of the disease and require hospitalization. • A: True • B: False (Key) • Q2: Common symptoms for Zika virus include fever, rash, joint pain, muscle pain, headache, or conjunctivitis (red eyes). • A: True (Key) • B: False

  14. Post Test • Q3: What type of test is needed to diagnose Zika virus? • A: Blood culture (Key) • B: Sputum culture • C: Urine culture • Q4: What type of precautions are needed for a suspect or actual case of Zika virus? • A: Droplet precautions • B: Contact precautions • C: Standard precautions (Key) • D: Airborne precautions

  15. Post Test • Q5: Zika virus can be treated with a series of antibiotics for several days? • A: True • B: False (Key) • Q6: Zika virus is mainly transmitted by a mosquito bite that is carrying the disease? • A: True (Key) • B: False

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