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Psych. DMA

Psych. DMA. Define maturation As men advance through middle adulthood, they experience a gradual decline in…. Don’t forget to write down the question and leave room for your answer. Today’s Agenda. DMA Reminders Piaget Issues Child Dev. Harlow Ainsworth Freud Homework:

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Psych. DMA

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  1. Psych. DMA • Define maturation • As men advance through middle adulthood, they experience a gradual decline in…. Don’t forget to write down the question and leave room for your answer.

  2. Today’s Agenda • DMA • Reminders • Piaget • Issues • Child Dev. • Harlow • Ainsworth • Freud Homework: • Chap. 4 Test – Dec. 1st • Chap. 4 Notes – Dec.1st • FRQs # 3 due Wednesday • Self-Experiment – due Monday, Nov. 28th • Summative Test – Dec. 6th • Chap. 4 Review Session – Nov. 29th, 2:15-2:45, Wheeler’s room

  3. Please bring your chapter notes on Wednesday… You may have time to work on them 

  4. Problems with Piaget

  5. Big thought: Development is NOT learning.

  6. Issues with Piaget's study • Piaget studied his own kids. (Not really an issue - his findings were applicable and are still used.) • Separate stages - distinct stages may not be accurate. • Ages in stages may also be off.

  7. However, Piaget is still the basis of experiments. Shinskey & Munakata (2003) found infants had advantage searching in the dark vs. searching under a thing in the light.

  8. One explanation - the appearance of the coverlet interferes with baby's new, tenuous ability of representing an object mentally. • Another explanation is evolutionary. Searching for things in the dark is more evolutionarily advantageous than for things hidden in the light.

  9. Scher, Amir & Tirsh (2000) findings indicate that babies with more advanced grasp of object permanence experienced significantly fewer sleep disturbances than those with lower levels of object concept. (In other words - you sleep better when you know where your stuff is.)

  10. Social Development • Stranger Anxiety • fear of strangers that infants commonly display • beginning by about 8 months of age • Attachment • an emotional tie with another person • shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and displaying distress on separation

  11. Social Development • Harlow’s Surrogate Mother Experiments • Monkeys preferred contact with the comfortable cloth mother, even while feeding from the nourishing wire mother • Introduction • Scaring the monkey

  12. Social Development • Critical Period • an optimal period shortly after birth when an organism’s exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development • Imprinting • the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life

  13. Social Development • Monkeys raised by artificial mothers were terror-stricken when placed in strange situations without their surrogate mothers.

  14. Mary Ainsworth • Researched what infants would do when placed in new situations (without parents)…

  15. Mary Ainsworth Findings: • Secure attachment • Infant was confident to explore the environment (when parent was present) • Became distressed when parents left. • 66% • Avoidant attachment • Resist being held by parents & will explore environment. • Do not go to parents for comfort when they return • 21%

  16. Mary Ainsworth Findings: • Anxious/ambivalent attachment • Ambivalent reaction to parents • May show extreme stress (when parents leave) • Resist being comforted by parents • 12%

  17. Freud's Stages of Development

  18. According to Freud: A reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, and feelings. According to Contemporary Psychology: Information processing of which we are unaware. Definition of the Unconscious

  19. Freud's concept of personality says Human personality (including emotions and strivings) arises from a conflict between our aggressive, pleasure-seeking biological impulses and the internalized social restraints against them. Personality is the result of our efforts to resolve the conflict.

  20. This conflict centers on 3 systems

  21. Id Urge to satisfy basic drives: • Survival • Reproduction • Aggression Major factor of the Id is the Pleasure Principle - if the id is not restrained by reality, it seeks immediate gratification.

  22. Superego Moral imperatives of what is right. Voice of conscious forces the ego to think about how things OUGHT TO BE. Basically the Superego is fighting the Id and therefore the Ego must balance.

  23. Ego Seeks to gratify the Id's impulses in realistic ways. (Sometimes this is referred to as the Reality Principle.) Contains partly conscious perceptions, thoughts, judgments, and memories.

  24. Ok, Wheeler, what the heck does this have to do with kids?

  25. Freud's Psychosexual stages of Development Basically, Freud separated out development via the Id's focuses. When the Id's pleasure seeking energies focus on the distinct pleasure sensitive area of the body (i.e. erogenous zones) a different developmental stage is reached.

  26. Reading Assignment Please read page 577. Begin at Personality Structure. Read through page 579 and stop at Defense Mechanisms.

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