1 / 14

Criminology

Criminology. Classical Theory Sociological Theories Labeling Theory. Classical Criminology. 18 th century writings Bentham, Beccaria : Utilitarian Philosophers

frayne
Download Presentation

Criminology

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Criminology Classical Theory Sociological Theories Labeling Theory

  2. Classical Criminology • 18th century writings • Bentham, Beccaria: Utilitarian Philosophers • The basic premise in the classical criminology => Actions are taken and decisions are made by persons in the rational exercise of free will. All individuals choose to obey or violate the law by a rational calculation of the risk of pain versus potential pleasure derived from an act.

  3. Deterrence Theory • Deterrence: Certainty, Severity, and Celebrity of Punishment • Research result: severity does not deter. • Retributive punishments are introduced based on this theory.

  4. Modern deterrence theory • Deterrence theory and Rational Choice theory • The theory continues to attract many people because of its direct applicability to policy on law enforcement, courts and imprisonments

  5. Policies of Deterrence Theory • Policy makers => enhance severity • “Get – Tough” CJ policies - Restoration of capital punishment • Abolishment of parole • Indeterminate sentencing • Longer prison sentences for drug and violent offenders • “three-strikes-and-you’re-out” life sentences for habitual offenders • Direct filing of juvenile offenders to criminal courts

  6. Effects of these policies • The enormous increase in the number of prisons and unprecedented growth in the number of Americans in prison and under CJ supervision

  7. Result • Beginning in the 1990s => The official crime rate has been decreased. • The lowest levels since the 1960s. • Is this the result of these policies?

  8. Biological Criminology • Lombroso – Criminals are decided by biological factors. There are criminal men who are distinguished by their appearance • Psychopath – Hormone Castration

  9. Sociological Theories (1) • Social Learning Theory – Criminals are learned. Environment and parenting are important. • Anomie Theory -> Poverty is the reason of crimes. • Social Disorganization Theory -> Disorganized society caused by poverty is the cause of crimes.

  10. Sociological Theories (2) • These theories suggest that low-income, poor neighborhoods, poor parenting are causes of crimes. Rather than the free will choice of individuals • According to these theories, criminals are not responsible for their crimes. Society is responsible for criminals • America – Social Welfare Service

  11. Sociological Theories (3) • Based on these theories, correctional approaches are introduced. • Before => Prisons were considered as a place to punish criminals. • After => Correctional concept is introduced. • From Penitentiary (형무소) to Correctional Facilities (교도소) • Research results do not support correction idea.

  12. Labeling Theory • If criminals are labeled as “criminals”, they commit more crimes. Because they are labeled, it is not easy for them to find jobs, and people avoid them. => Difficult for them to live in society. • This theory is introduced to criminal policies => To minimize the labeling effect, criminal policies permit probations to non-serious criminals and no criminal record to minors.

  13. Summary • Criminology theories that affect criminal policies • Classical theory => the basis of retributive punishment • Sociological Criminology => the basis of “correctional” facilities • Criminal policies are trying to minimize labeling effect.

  14. Stanford Prison Experiment • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rmwSC5fS40w&feature=player_embedded • http://www.experiment-resources.com/stanford-prison-experiment.html

More Related